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INTERNATIONAL 
UNION OF THE 

AMERICAN 

REPUBLICS 




WASHINGTON 
JULY, NINETEEN HUNDRED AND TEN 



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East or Front Faqade of the New Building oi- the International 
Bureau of American Republics, Washington, D. C., U. S. A. 



THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU 

OF THE AMERICAN 

REPUBLICS 



THE REPORT OF THE 
DIRECTOR to THE FOURTH 
PAN-AMERICAN CONFER- 
ENCE HELD AT BUENOS 
AIRES, ARGENTINE RE- 
PUBLIC :: JULY, 1910 



WASHINGTON, D. C, U. S. A. 
JULY, 1910 






GENERAL INDEX. 

(In order of arrangement.) 



MAIN REPORT. 

P.\Gi; 

1. Introduction 9' 

2. Facts showing the Bureau's growth 10 

3. Practical work and useful activities of the Bureau 13 

4. The organization of the Bureau 19' 

5. The Monthly Bulletin 25 

6. Other useful publications of the Bureau 29' 

7. Foreign commerce of Latin America 35 

8. The Panama Canal and Pan-American Commerce 41 

9. Improved steamship and mail facilities 43 

10. The new building of the International Bureau 46 

11. The Bureau and Government Exhibitions 53 

12. Judgment passed upon the Bureau 54 

13. Ratification of conventions 61 

14. The Bureau and the resolutions of the Third Conference.. 62 

15. Recommendations regardinc. the Conference program. 67' 

16. Central American, Sanitary, and Scientific Conferences.... 72 

17. The Columbus Memorial Library 7Z 

18. Historical sketch of the Bureau 76' 

19. Conclusion 83' 



APPENDIX. 

1. The Governing Board ■ 89 

2. Program of the Conference 90 

3. Budget of Bitreau for 1910-11 92 

4. Quotas of each Republic 93 

5. Pan-American Commerce 94 

6. Correspondence regarding Mr. Carnegie's gift 95 

7. Proposed unofficial draft of Convention 98' 

8. Addresses at dedication of nev^ building 100' 

9. List of Publications of Bureau.,... 114; 



B:^ Transfer' 
APR 3 1918 



SPECIFIC INDEX. 



Page 

Accounts 23-51-92-93 

Activities and Work of the Bureau 13 

Adams, Herbert, sculptor 51 

Addresses, dedicatory 100 

Addresses before Commercial Organizations 18 

Aitkin, Robert, sculptor 51 

Appendix 87 

Argentine Republic, foreign trade of 39 

Bacon, co-operation of assistant secretary 11 

Bank, Pan-American 19 

Beach, Chester, sculptor 51 

Berrall, James, superintendent of construction 49 

Bibliographies 30 

Bolivia, foreign trade of 41 

BORGLUM, GuTZON AND SoLON, SCULPTORS 51 

Brazil, foreign trade of 39 

Budget 1910-11 92 

Building, official correspondence regarding 95 

Building of the International Bureau, the new 46, 47, 49, 50 

Bulletin, the Monthly 14, 25, 26, 27, 114 

Bureau, action of Second and Third Conferences 80 

Bureau, activities and work of 13 

Bureau as a distributing agency 34 

Bureau, expenses of 92 

Bureau, financial support of 80, 93 

Bureau, historical sketch of the 76 

Bureau, judgment passed upon the 54, 55, 57, 58 

Bureau, made international 79 

Bureau, need of convention 21 

Bureau, organization of 19 

Bureau, proposed convention for 98 

Bureau, receipts of 92, 93 

Bureau, recommendations of first committee 11 

Bureau's growth, facts showing 10 

Bureau's growth, increase of work, etc 11 

Bureau, the Directors of 82 

Carnegie, Mr. Andrew, address at dedication 109 

Carnegie, Mr. Andrew, correspondence of 95 

Carnegie, Mr. Andrew, gift of 47, 95 

Cartographies 30 

Chambers of Commerce 17 

Charpentier, the sculptor 51 

Chile, foreign trade of 39 

Colombia, foreign trade of 41 

Columbus Memorial Library IZ 

Commerce, Pan-American 35, 40, 94 

Commercial Directories 3) 

Commercial Nomenclature 33 

Commercial Statistics 69, 94 

Conference, Program of the Fourth €J, 90 

Conference, the Bureau and^ the resolutions^op the Third 62 

Conferences, Central American, Sanitary, -and Scientific 17, 72 

Constitutions, the American ..e;. 30 

Consular invoices 69 

Convention for Bureau proposed 21, 98 

Conventions, ratification of 61 

Copyrights 71 



specific Judex. 

Page 

Corner stone laying, of building 49 

Correspondence of the Bureau, large 13, 14 

Costa Rica, foreign trade of 41 

Cret, Paul P., and Albert Kelsey, architects of building 49 

Cuba, foreign trade of 41 

Dedicatory addresses 100 

Dedicatory exercises of building 50 

DiRKCTOK, biographical SKETCH OF THE 82 

Director, books and pamphlets of the 34 

Director, change of title 21 

Directories, commercial 31 

Directors, biographical sketches of 82 

Directors of the Bureau 82 

Dominican Republic, foreign trade of 41 

Ecuador, foreign trade of 41 

Europe, competition of 38 

EvANs«, Rudulph, sculptor 51 

Exhibitions, the Bureau and Government 17,54 

Expenses of the Bureau 23, 80, 92 

Exports and imports of U. S 41 

Farnham, Sally James, sculptor 51 

Foreign Commerce of Latin America 35, 94 

Foreign Office, special representation for Bureau in 25 

Free distribution, publications for 117 

Furber, W. C, consulting engineer 49 

Governing Board 89 

Governing Board, rules left to 21 

Growth, facts of Bureau's 10, 11 

Guatemala, foreign trade of 41 

Haiti, foreign trade of 41 

Handbook, the best form of 29 

Handbooks, list of 115 

Historical sketch of the Bureau 76 

Honduras, foreign trade of 41 

Hornbostle, Henry, judge of plans 49 

Immigration laws 33 

Improved steamship and mail facilities 43 

Interchange of professors and students 71 

Introduction 9 

Kelsey, Albert, and Paul P. Cret, architects of building 49 

Knox, Secretary, address at dedication SO, 101 

Knox, Secretary, co-operation of 11, 84 

Konti, Isidore, sculptor 51 

Land Laws 33 

Latin-American commerce, exports and imports 35, 94 

Latin-American commerce, impressive facts regarding 35 

Latin-American commerce, increase of 94 

Latin- American commerce, statistics of 94 

Latin-American commerce, with the United States 37, 94 

Latin-American commerce, with the United States 37, 94 

Lord, Austin W., judge of plans 49 

Mail facilities 43, 46 

Maps, list of 112 

McKim, Charles F., judge of plans 49 

Mexican Ambassador, address at dedication 107 

Mexico, foreign trade of 41 



SpcciHc Index. 

Page 

Mining laws 33 

Monographs on each country 30 

Monthly Bulletin, features of 14, 25 

Monthly Bulletin, the 14, 25, 114 

NabucOj letter of 55 

Name, new and briefer, desirable for Bureau 21, 98 

Nicaragua, foreign trade of 41 

Nomenclature, code of commercial 33 

Organization and status of the Bureau 19 

Panama Canal 41, 42, 43 

Panama, foreign trade of 41 

Pan-American commerce, statistics of 35, 94 

Pan-American Railway 69 

Pan-American Union, as a new name 21, 98 

Paraguay, foreign trade of 41 

Patent laws ZZ 

Patents 71 

Peru, foreign trade of 41 

Portuguese, study of 18 

President Taft, address at dedication Ill 

President Taft, recommendation to Congress 55 

Professors and Students, interchange of 71 

Program of the Fourth Conference 90 

Program, recommendations regarding the Conference 67 

Publications of the Bureau, other useful 15, 29 

Publications, list of 114 

Quarantine 70 

Quotas 23, 81, 93 

Rank of Director and Secretary 22, 23, 98 

Ratifications of Conventions 61 

Receipts of Bureau 92, 93 

Representation of Bureau at Conference 10 

Resolutions of the Third Conference, the Bureau and the 62 

Roosevelt, corner stone laying by President 49 

RooT^ Elihu, address of, at dedication 105 

Root, Elihu, co-operation of 11, 22, 47, 51 

Root, Elihu, and new building 46, 51, 95 

Salvador, foreign trade of 41 

Sanitary Police 70 

Secretary of Bureau, change of title. 22, 23 

Spanish, study of 18 

Steamship facilities 17, 43, 46 

Taft, President, address at dedication Ill 

Taft, President, recommendation to Congress 55 

Tariff schedules, translations of 31 

Third Conference, the Bureau and the resolutions of the 62 

Trade-marks 71 

Travel 17 

Union, Pan-American 21, 22, 98 

United States, foreign trade of 37, 38, 41 

Uruguay, foreign trade of 41 

Venezuela, foreign trade of 41 

Whitney', Gertrude Vanderbilt, sculptor 51 

Wilson, Hon. Huntington, co-operation of 11, 84 

Yanes, Mr. F. J., representative of Bureau 10, 83, 84 



REPORT OF JOHN BARRETT, THE DIRECTOR OF 
THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF THE AMERI- 
CAN REPUBLICS=^= ^__ 

Submitted, in accordance with Article IV of the Program, to the 

Fourth International Conference of American States 

Convened at Buenos Aires, July 12, 1910. 



The President and Members of the Fourth International 
Conference of American States: 

Gentlemen : I have the honor to submit, in accordance with 
Article IV of the Program, the following report upon the activi- 
ties of the International Bureau of the American Republics, and 
to make recommendations for its future usefulness. 

Recognizing that, among many, the practical, valuable work 
of the Bureau is not known or appreciated, I shall endeavor to 
point out by actual facts how it has been a direct and effective 
agency for the development of greater commerce, closer friend- 
ship, more intimate a'cquaintance and better understanding, not 
only among the American republics, but between them and other 
nations. 

Numerous highly intelligent men in the United States and 
Europe are unfamiliar with the wonderful progress of Latin 
America and express profound surprise at what they learn and 
see when they visit for the first time the great countries and 
capitals of Latin America ; correspondingly, many North and 
South Americans are, in their busy lives, unacquainted with the 
work, scope, and influence of the International Bureau of the 
American Republics, and are surprised when they learn what it 
is really accomplishing. 

Again, in the same way that persons residing in the northern 
world, who have devoted their time and effort to the study of the 
commercial and political conditions of the United States, Europe 

*The Director, in order that there may be no misunderstanding, begs to 
inform all who may be sufficiently interested to read this report that the 
views and opinions expressed and the conclusions drawn are his own 
and do not imply any official sanction of the Governing Board except as 
it mav be so stated. 



10 

and Asia, have little apprecation of the marvelous onward strides 
of the southern American nations, so those who have been intent 
on observing the usual phases of international intercourse are 
not aware of the growth of the work and influence of this inter- 
national institution. This fact is mentioned in order to empha- 
size that it is nothing against the International Bureau if some 
persons, not being familiar with what it has done and is doing, 
question its usefulness. The Director, while recognizing that 
the Bureau is yet far from perfection, and that it has many short- 
comings, is confident that, if its most ardent critics could acquaint 
themselves with its correspondence, its reports, its publications, 
and with its thousand and one ramifications, they would not only 
become its stanch defenders but its enthusiastic advocates. 

Representation of Bureau at Conference 

The Director sincerely regrets that unexpected and unavoidable 
conditions have developed at the last moment which will prevent 
his attendance as the chief executive officer of the Bureau at the 
Fourth International American Conference which meets in July 
of this year, at Buenos Aires, the capital of the Argentine Repub- 
lic, where he once had the honor of serving as United States Min- 
ister. He invokes, however, the friendly interest of the delegates in 
Mr. Francisco J. Yanes, the able Secretary of the Bureau and of 
the Governing Board, who was unanimously chosen by the Board 
to represent the Bureau in the absence of the Director. Mr., 
Yanes is thoroughly familiar with all the details of the work 
and of the administration of the office, and carries with him a full 
set of its publications and records for the use and consultation of 
the members of the Conference. The headquarters of the Bureau 
will be under his charge, located probably in the same build- 
ing where the sessions are held, and delegates and their secre- 
taries will always be welcome to its facilities. 



FACTS SHOWING THE BUREAU'S GROWTH 

The present Director assumed his duties about January 1, 1907, 
and has therefore served as its chief administrative officer for a 
period of nearly three and one-half years. During that time 
there has been a gratifying development in its work, scope, and 
responsibility. This result, which has been accomplished only 
in the face of great difficulties and many discouragements, is 
largely due to the following influences : First, the earnest and 
constant support given the Director and the confidence reposed 
in him by the Governing Board, consisting of the Latin-Ameri- 
can diplomatic representatives in Washington and the Secretary 
of State of the United States, who is Chairman ex officio; second. 



11 

the interest and co-operation of the United States Department 
of State, as expressed first through Secretary Root and Assistant 
Secretary Bacon and now by Secretary Knox and Assistant Sec- 
retary Wilson ; third, the construction of the new building, for 
which Mr. Andrew Carnegie gave $750,000 and the American 
republics $250,000; fourth, the faithful work of the staff of the 
Bureau ; and, fifth, the remarkable, progressive and material 
movement of Latin America, which has called the attention of the 
United States, Europe and even Asia to that part of the world 
more than ever before. 

Increase of Work and Responsibilities. 

As illustrating the growth of the work and responsibilities of 
the Bureau since January 1, 1907, when the present Director took 
charge, the following facts may be noted : 

(a) During the year ending December 31, 1906, the total 
correspondence with all parts of the world averaged several 
hundred letters of importance in a month; it now approxi- 
mates several thousand letters of legitimate inquiry and care- 
ful answer for the same period. 

(b) In the year ending December 31, 1906, only 10^ of 
the total membership of the United States Senate and House 
of Representatives used the Bureau in any form; in the year 
ending December 31, 1909, 97% of the entire membership 
made use of it in practical form. 

(c) In January, 1907, the correspondence with Latin- 
American ofificials and peoples was intermittent and mostly 
from two or three countries : in January, 1910, such corre- 
spondence was unremitting and from each one of the 21 
countries of the International Union. 

(d) In 1906 the total number of printed publications dis- 
tributed hardly exceeded 60,000: during 1909 more than 
450,000 pieces were distributed, and all in response to specific 
requests ; that is, none were thrown broadcast without knowl- 
edge of where they were going. 

(e) In January, 1907, the Monthly Bulletin, while con- 
taining much excellent material, was little in demand and 
seemed dry and uninteresting in appearance, without ac- 
complishing its purpose of educating and informing the 
different countries and peoples about each other ; m January, 
1910, it was impossible for the new Bulletin, v/ith material 
carefully arranged and illustrated, to meet the demand for it. 

(f) Three years ago it was difificult to trace specific in- 
stances where the Bureau helped to build up commerce and 
trade ; during last year it was directly responsible for $52,- 
000,000 worth of new exchange of trade among the Ameri- 
can' countries, as shown by its correspondence and records. 




^ H 



13 



(g) When the present administration took charge the 
total quotas paid annually by the different American govern- 
ments, including the United States, did not exceed $50,000, 
and many of them were in arrears ; during the fiscal year of 
1910-11 the quotas will approximate $125,000, with nearly 
all arrears paid. 

(h) Three and one-half years ago, and until recently, the 
Bureau occupied an old residence on the corner of Lafayette 
Square and Pennsylvania Avenue, where its staff was 
crowded into unsafe and unsanitary limitations of space ,-^ 
it now has its permanent home in a capacious and artistic 
new building which, with its grounds, facing the White 
House grounds and Potomac Park, represents an investment 
for Pan-American peace and friendship of $1,000,000. 

(i) At the beginning of the present administration, al- 
though the Bureau was doing the best it could under the old 
conditions, there was no regular systematic subdivision of 
its work; now, as a result of the reorganization perfected, 
the Bureau has the following divisions which, despite the 
great growth of work and the limited number of employees, 
enable it to perform its duties with despatch and efficiency r 
1, Executive; 2, Statistics and Correspondence; 3, Monthly 
Bulletin; 4, Translation; 5, Columbus Memorial Library; 
6, Accounts; 7, Files; 8, Mailing Room; 9, Building and 
Plant. These, in turn, have subdivisions arranged with 
reference to each duty or responsibility of the Bureau being 
performed in the best way possible. 



PRACTICAL WORK AND USEFUL ACTIVITIES 

The practical work and useful activities of the Bureau can best 
be appreciated by considering a description or enumeration _ in 
brief terms of some of the things it has actually done or is_ doing 
for the development of Pan-American commerce, friendship and 
peace. 

Its Large Correspondence 

1. The Bureau conducts a large correspondence, averaging 
many thousands of letters per month, — 

(a) with officials of all the American republics and of 
many other governments, concerning governmental action on: 
numerous different subjects; 



14 

(,b) with manufacturers, exporters and importers, not 
only in the United States but in Latin America and every 
part of the world, concerning trade opportunities and con- 
ditions in the American repui)lics ; 

(c) with newspaper and special writers, college profes- 
sors, students and lecturers, concerning the historical, pohti- 
cal, material, social, educational and general progress of the 
American nations ; 

(d) with travelers and tourists concerning routes, facili- 
ties, conditions and attractions of travel throughout all 
America ; 

' (e) with capitalists and investors, concerning opportuni- 
ties for developing latent resources, building railroads and 
starting new industries ; 

(f) with mining, hydraulic and electrical engineers con- 
cerning opening or operating mines, building water powers 
and establishing electric power and light plants; 

(g) with agriculturists, laborers and intending immigrants 
concerning farms, employment and homes in new lands ; 

(h) with lawyers concerning the laws, codes and statutes 
of each republic; 

(i) with librarians and authors concerning books and 
writers of each of the American nations : 

(j) with the curious public-at-large regarding a thousand 
and one things which make demands upon the time and labor 
of a staff altogether too small for the work it has to do. If 
anyone is skeptical upon this point, the Director would be 
pleased to show him the correspondence files of the Bureau. 

Features of the Monthly Bulletin 

2. The Bureau publishes a monthly Bulletin of two hundred 
pages, which in quantity, quality and value of material, charac- 
ter of paper and type, artistic appearance, number of illustra- 
tions, and size, compares favorably with most of the popular 
magazines and is quite different from the average official docu- 
ment or publication. The following facts al)OUt it should be 
especially noted : 

(a) Its attractive form involves no sacrifice of practical 
and valuable material and it succeeds now in having its pages 
carefully read, which in its older and less attractive days 
were seldom opened. 

(b) It is prepared and printed most economically, con- 
sidering the field it covers and the information it dispenses. 
The same staff which conducts the large correspondence de- 
scribed above also edits tlie Bulletin, while the average pri- 



15 

vate magazine has twice the number of employees at its dis- 
posal. 

(c) Being an official publication it can print no advertise- 
ments and is entirely dependent for actual cost of printings 
on the very small allowance given it at the Government Print- 
ing Office by the United States Congress. 

(d) In order to pay for cost of photographs, engraving, 
trade diagrams, maps, good quality of paper and the prepa- 
ration of special data, it has become necessary to charge a 
small subscription and to limit carefully its free distribu- 
tion. 

(e) It has the original characteristic of being published in 
two editions : one in English for circulation in the United 

. States, and one with Spanish, Portuguese and French sec- 
tions, for circulation in Latin America and Europe ; and it is 
difficult to decide which is the more popular, showing a re- 
markable growth of interest in Pan-American countries and 
peoples. 

(f) The demand for the Bulletin from all over the world, 
far exceeding the monthly issue of five thousand copies, is 
the best evidence of its value and popularity. Some interest- 
ing facts about it are discussed later on under the head of 
"The Monthly Bulletin." 

Other Publications and the Library 

3. The Bureau has compiled a series of monographs on the 
American republics containing the latest statistical and descrip- 
tive data, which answer in succinct form two-thirds of the ques- 
tions that the average person wishes to have answered about a 
country which he intends to visit, in which he may invest capital, 
or with which he may establish business relations. 

4. The Bureau also prepares and publishes a comprehensive 
variety of books, pamphlets and reports relating to the American 
republics, for which there is a great and increasing demand. This 
subject is discussed more fully under the head of "Other Publica- 
tions of the Bureau." 

5. The Bureau has maintained and enlarged its library, known 
officially as the Columbus Memorial Library, until it now has ap- 
proximately 18,000 volumes upon its shelves, constituting a col- 
lection of books relating to the American republics which is being 
consulted more and more every day. It also has upon its tables 
the leading reviews, daily newspapers and ofificial gazettes of the 
Latin-American countries. 




Mr. Andkkw Carnkgik, thc distinguished Philanthropist, who gave 

$750,000 FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NeW BuILDING OF THE INTER- 
NATIONAL Bureau of American Rkpudlics 



17 

Chambers of Commerce, International Phases, etc. 

6. The Bureau has estabhshed close relations with Chambers 
of Commerce and other commercial organizations in both North 
and South America, giving them useful information about trade 
conditions in all the American countries and obtaining from them 
much valuable data. 

7. The Bureau bas acted as an international exchange, dis- 
seminating information in each country about the others, and pro- 
viding each, in response to requests, with data concerning the 
others. Its utility in this respect bids fair to be greatly appreci- 
ated. 

8. The Bureau has acted as a responsible agency to correct 
false reports and irresponsible information about Latin America 
in the United States and about the United States in Latin Amer- 
ica, as its correspondence and newspaper files plainly show. 

9. The Bureau, as the only international commercial agency of 
its kind, has had a direct and practical influence on the develop- 
ment of the trade not only of the United States, but of all the 
twenty other American republics both with the United States 
and with each other. 

10. The Bureau, in the execution of its responsibilities other 
than commercial, has exercised a strong influence for peace and 
good understanding among all the American republics, and has 
promoted that mutual acquaintance which is always a factor for 
peace and friendship. 

Conferences and Exhibitions 

11. The Bureau is the office of the Liternational Conferences 
of American States held at varying periods, keeps their archives, 
and prepares the programs and regulations. It also assists, 
and acts in co-operation with, other American gatherings like the 
International Sanitary Congresses and the Pan-American Scien- 
tific Conferences. Under its co-operative auspices also was held 
the Central American Conference of 1907. 

12. The Bureau has directly assisted the work of publicity and 
of securing exhibits, for such great exhibitions as those held at 
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1908, at Quito, Ecuador, in 1909, and 
this year at Buenos Aires, Argentina, and at Santiago, Chile. It 
also sent an exhibit wbich attracted widespread attention, to the 
exposition at Seattle, State of Washington, U. S. A., in the sum- 
mer of 1909. 

Travel and Steamships 

13. The Bureau bas greatly increased the travel between North 
and South America and lias been directly responsible, according 



18 

to the records of its correspondence, for large numbers of busi- 
ness men, tourists and other travelers visiting for the first time 
the other continent according as the residence of the person is 
in North or South America. 

14. The Bureau has influenced several steamship companies to 
improve their passenger service between North and South Amer- 
ica, and caused others to organize and undertake excursions or 
special journeys to the principal countries, which have been well 
patronized and give promise of more popularity in the future. 

15. The Bureau in one of its international phases has helped 
some of its constituent governments to establish new subordi- 
nate divisions or bureaus of principal departments, and it has 
also acted as an agency to assist some governments in advertis- 
ing and letting contracts for public improvements. 

Study of Spanish and Portuguese 

16. The Bureau has started in several universities and colleges 
and as many secondary schools or academies the study of Span- 
ish or Portuguese, and of Latin-American economic, industrial 
and political conditions, where previously those subjects have had 
little or no attention. 

17. The Bureau has provided newspapers all over the world 
with regular bulletins or legitimate press notices covering the 
commercial progress, the development of resources, the starting 
of new enterprises, the building of railroads, the grovv^th of popu- 
lation, the making of new tarifif, mining, land and imm.igration 
laws, with the result that the newspapers now give one hundred 
per cent more attention to Latin America than they did a few 
years ago. 

18. The Bureau as an international institution in no way dupli- 
cates, or interferes with, any subordinate bureau or division of 
the United States or other of its constituent governments, and 
performs a class of work which only an international organiza- 
tion supported and controlled by a group of governments can 
perform, and, as such, it is entitled to the liberal and hearty 
support of every American government. 

Addresses Before Commercial Organizations 

19. The Bureau, in the person of its Director or of other mem- 
bers of its staff, has accepted numerous invitations from Cham- 
bers of Commerce, Boards of Trade, commercial organizations 
and clubs to deliver addresses before them on the development of 
trade relations between the United States and Latin America, and 
it has in this way reached in a practical manner a class of men 
whose influence counts in the development of interest in Latin- 
American affairs. These invitations have come from nearlv everv 



19 

important city and from every State and Territory in the United 
States, and are evidence of the growling interest in Pan-American 
commerce and friendship w^hich the Bureau is promoting. 

20. The Bureau has sent, and is sending from time to time, 
special representatives not only to different parts of the United 
States, but throughout the Latin-American countries to collect 
the latest information about conditions of commerce, industry, 
and general progress, who, in turn, come back to the office in 
Washington to prepare reports on the countries visited and to 
answer the large correspondence that constantly demands atten- 
tion. 

A Pan-American Bank 

21. The Bureau in making efforts along many lines to help 
Pan-American trade has endeavored to awaken the bankers and 
capitalists of the United States to the importance of the estab- 
lishment of an international or Pan-American bank, with head- 
quarters in New York and branches in the principal Latin-Amer- 
ican cities. The plan has been received most favorably by the 
Latin-American countries, and the attitude of their governments 
is friendly, but, on account of some technical difficulties regard- 
ing a charter, certain large financial interests of New York have 
held back from carrying the idea into execution, and this has kept 
other groups of capitalists from undertaking it, although they 
are convinced of the wisdom of the general plan and may yet 
carry it into execution. 



ORGANIZATION AND STATUS OF THE BUREAU. 

After having given three and one-half years of unbroken at- 
tention to reorganizing, and building up the International Bureau 
of American Republics into a strictly International institution of 
practical value to all the countries supporting it, I beg the privi- 
lege of submitting a few suggestions for its permanent good. No 
one unfamiliar with the prejudices, vicissitudes, and difficulties 
which the present Director has had to encounter to evolve suc- 
cessfully a new order of things can fully appreciate the great 
change that has been wrought, or the present high efficiency of 
its organization and staff. In view of the constant attention and 
study the Director has given the problem of the Bureau's admin- 
istration, it is to be hoped that the Conference may see fit to con- 
sider carefully his recommendation as follows : 




FiKST Floor of the New Building. 



21 
Need of a Convention or New Resolution* 

1. Now that the Bureau is being reorganized as an interna- 
tional agency and has demonstrated beyond question its useful- 
ness and capabilities, there should be a simple convention (or new 
resolution), preferably a convention, signed and ratified by the 
twenty-one American Republics providing for its permanent 
existence under terms acceptable to all and not burdensome to 
any. In the congresses of some governments when the timiC comes 
every year to make the necessary appropriation for its quota, the 
question is often asked as to whether there is a law or treaty 
requiring the payment. For example, the United States Con- 
gress, while being most favorably disposed to the Bureau, has 
through the expressions of some of its principal members ad- 
vised the Director to recommend to this Conference the framing 
of a regular but simple convention defining the responsibility of 
the governments for its support. Similar intimations have come 
informally from several other governments. 

Responsibility with Governing Board 

2. The Conference is respectfully and earnestly requested not 
to weigh down the convention or resolution with an extended 
enumeration of rules and regulations for the Bureau's adminis- 
tration or of subdivisions of its organization. It is far better 
that the necessary rules and regulations and any subdivisions or 
sections should be left to the Governing Board made up of men 
who are thoroughly familiar with the practical workings of the 
Bureau and to the Director who is directly responsible to the 
Board. The responsibility of the members of the Conference 
ends after its adjournment; that of the Board and the Director 
continues and cannot be avoided ; therefore the}^ should be aided 
by placing in their hands both power and responsibility. The 
rules and regulations of former conferences have proved imprac- 
tical in many ways and should be repealed in the new convention 
or resolution. 

A New and Briefer Name Desirable 

3. The Director is convinced, after extended experience with 
the Bureau and continued effort to make it well and generally 
known, that its present title "The International Bureau of the 
American Republics" is cumbersome, cannot be made popular, 
and is usually misquoted. In nine cases out of ten when men- 
tioned in newspapers, reports and speeches, some error is made 
in its name. The word "Bureau" is also objectionable. To this 



*See unofficial draft of a proposed Convention in Appendix. 



wortl used in this connection both Hon. EHhu Root, who has al- 
ways taken the deepest interest in Pan-American affairs, and Mr. 
Joaquini Xabuco, the late lamented x\mbassador of Brazil and 
great Pan-American advocate, seriously objected. To them it 
did not seem sufficiently dignified or expressive. The term "Bu- 
reau" in Washington means a subordinate branch of some de- 
partment of the United States Government and has no special 
distinction such as should characterize an international organiza- 
tion. The best solution which I have the honor to advise after 
thinking for years of every alternative is "The Pan-American 
Union" and I am aware that the majority of the Governing 
Board look with much favor on this term. It is brief, dignified, 
expressive, easily remembered, and unique. It means something 
while also being a simple name. If somebody has an imaginary 
objection to it, will he not kindly forego his objection and ac- 
cept the recommendation of those upon whose shoulders rests the 
responsibility of making "The Pan-American Union" known, 
recognized, and respected the wide world over? 

Descriptive Names of Executive Officers 

4. The recommendation is also made upon the original sug- 
gestion of the late Brazilian Ambassador, Mr. Nabuco. that the 
descriptive title of the chief executive officer "Director" should 
be changed in the convention or resolution to "Director-Gen- 
eral." There are two reasons for this: first, there is a constant 
and natural assumption based on the common interpretation of 
the term, as shown by the correspondence and newspapers, that 
"Director" means one of a "Board of Directors" and not neces- 
sarily its executive officer; second, the dignity of the position as 
the head of an international semi-diplomatic institution requires 
a descriptive term which, while not elaborate, is appropriate and 
distinctive. The late Brazilian Ambassador was strongly in favor 
of this change and would have proposed it long ago to the Gov- 
erning Board, if the Director himself, fearing some unjust criti- 
cism by those who are prone to misconstrue motives, had not 
asked him to withhold the suggestion until he had served a year 
or two and it could be left to the Conference to act upon as it saw 
best. Correspondingly the Secretary should be called "Assistant 
Director and Secretary of the Governing Board." The use of 
the term "The Secretary of the Bureau" causes him to be con- 
stantly confused in name with either the head of the institution 
or with the latter's private secretary. In view of the fact, more- 
over,^ that the Director is an international officer, elected to his 
position by the vote of twenty-one governments expressed 
through their diplomatic representatives in Washington and the 
Secretary of State of the United States, but has no officially de- 



23 

fined status or rank, it would seem just, as also first suggested 
by Ambassador Nabuco, that the convention or resolution should 
define his personal rank as that of Envoy Extraordinary and 
Minister Plenipotentiary, with corresponding rank of Secretary 
of Legation for the Assistant Director. Already the State De- 
partment of the United States has made it a matter of officia] 
record that the Director at all official functions shall be consid- 
ered as having the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister 
Plenipotentiary and the Secretary of the Bureau as Secretary of 
Legation but there has been no concert of action by the govern- 
ments interested. As it is probable that the Director will next 
year make an official visit to Latin America, it is specially de- 
sirable that this simple question of descriptive title should be set- 
tled. 

The Quotas and Accounts 

5. It would also appear to be for the advantage of all con- 
cerned that there should be careful stipulation in regard to the 
payment of the quotas of the different governments, as approved 
by the Governing Board, not later than July 1 of each year for the 
ensuing fiscal year beginning on that date. This prevents em- 
barrassment at the lack of funds to carry out the work planned 
or ordered by the Conferences and the Governing Board. There 
is also abundant time after the Director has submitted his esti- 
mates in the previous November for the quotas, as apportioned, 
to be reported to each government, approved, appropriated, and 
paid. At the present time, moreover, following the custom that 
was established in the early days of the Bureau when it was al- 
most entirely under the direction of the Department of State at 
Washington and before it became an actual international institu- 
tion, the quotas of other governments than the United States are 
paid into the Treasury of the United States and, in turn, are 
drawn out by the International Bureau through the disbursing 
office of the Department of State. This requires double account- 
ing and auditing, and, in a sense, places the expenditure of the 
funds of the Bureau under the interpretation of the auditing of- 
ficers of the Treasury Department of the United States, who 
audit the accounts of all Departments of that Government, rather 
than under the interpretation and control of the Governing 
Board which must frame the budget of expenses and decide 
upon the quotas. The present arrangement also requires not only 
a staflf of accountants in the Bureau itself but in the State De- 
partment. In order to prevent duplication of labor and to place 
the funds of the Bureau absolutely in charge of the Governing 
Board, which is responsible for the administration of the Bureau, 
the Director has to recommend that the convention shall contain 




Hon. Elihu Root, United State? Senator from 

THE State of New York. 

Secretary of State of the United States and Chairman ex oMcio 

of the Governmg Board of the International Bureau 

of American Republics, 1905-1909. 



25 

a provision providing for the payment of the quotas of the vari- 
ous governments directly into the treasury of the Bureau, rather 
than into the Treasury of the United States. 

Special Representation in Foreign Office 

6. Although it is not necessary to emhody in a convention or 
resolution a specific statement upon the following suggestion, I 
desire to impress upon the Conference the vital importance of 
each delegation recommending to its government the advantage, 
and even necessity, of designating a man in its Foreign Office 
who will give all his attention to correspondence with the Bureau, 
to providing it with the latest data in regard to his country, and 
to attending promptly to the inquiries for information which will 
be sent to him by the Director. He should have authority, in 
case of emergency, to communicate by cable, and should, above 
all things, make sure that, imm.ediately following the action of 
his government or the publishing of a report which would be of 
interest to the other American nations, such action or report is 
forwarded without delay to the Bureau. In this connection, as 
suggested elsewhere, each Government should make positive pro- 
vision that all of its official pubHcations, including especially 
changes in its tariff, mining, immigration, and commercial regu- 
lations, should be placed in the hands of the Bureau as soon as 
possible after they are enacted. 



THE MONTHLY BULLETIN. 

Your special and careful attention is called to the Monthly Bul- 
letin. If one person of judgment has told or written the Director, 
a thousand have, that, if the Bureau did absolutely nothing more 
than prepare and publish the Bulletin, it would fully justify the 
entire cost to all the governments of maintaining the Bureau. 
If any individual American republic undertook to purchase 
through some advertising agency the widespread publicity of its 
natural resources, its commerce, its material possibilities, its op- 
portunities for capital and immigrants, and its general progress, 
which the Bulletin gives it, that government would be obliged to 
pay at least ten times the sum it annually contributes to the 
support of the Bureau. The extent to which it is quoted by news- 
papers and reviews, editorial and special writers, and lecturers 
in all parts of the world is most convincing evidence of its use- 
fulness and popularity. In the files of the Bureau are innumerable 
letters and press clippings in every important language com- 
mending the work of education and information being done by 
the Bulletin. 



26 

Comparison of Old and New Bulletin 

Three and one-half years ago when the present administration 
took charge of the Bureau, the Bulletin had a most limited cir- 
culation. Although containing much valuable data, it was gen- 
erally treated as a dry, uninteresting public document, and seldom 
read except by a few specialists. Its pages were loaded down 
with much "dead" matter repeated in every number; its datawere 
largely statistical without new or original reports and descriptive 
material ; it had no illustrations which demonstrate beyond ques- 
tion at a glance what a country is doing and no diagrams of trade 
and wealth which tell a story in a moment ; and it had under one 
cover its English, Spanish, Portuguese and French sections, mak- 
ing it too cumbersome and giving too little space to each. Now 
the material in every number is new ; it contains special articles, 
reports, and descriptions while giving the latest statistical data in 
interesting and helpful form ; it has carefully selected illustrations 
which accomplish great good in showing to the most skeptical 
the real progress of each American State and it uses numerous 
pictorial diagrams which immediately give the information that 
a dozen pages of figures would not show if they were ever read ; 
and it now has two editions or sections : one in English for circu- 
lation in English-speaking countries and one in Spanish, Por- 
tuguese and French for the countries using those languages. 

Remarkable Growth of Demand for It 

Perhaps the most positive evidence of its present value is the 
demand for it. Three years ago the actual practical bona fide 
circulation was so small as to be hardly worth consideration ; now 
it is not possible to meet the demand for it and copies are sent out 
only to addresses where the recipient has been specifically recom- 
mended by some government official or has paid the subscription 
price. Although a few thousand copies, printed under the allow- 
ance granted at the Government Printing Office by the United 
States Congress, are distributed gratis upon official recommen- 
dation, that allowance is far from being sufficient to pay for 
paper, illustrations, special articles and reports, and it has be- 
come necessary to charge a small subscription fee, not only to 
reimburse the Bureau for expenditures on these vital features, 
but to keep the demand for it within reasonable bounds and make 
sure that it really goes to those who want and appreciate it. 

Examples of Its Circulation and Influence 

While the call for it in the United States has increased to the 
point that it ranks as a high-class review, the interest it has awak- 
ened in every part of Latin America, in Europe and even in Asia 



27 

is exceedingly gratifying. The Foreign Office, the official in- 
formation Bureau, many of the leading statesmen, numerous 
banks and other large business institutions, and a considerable 
proportion of the principal papers, in nearly every important 
country of the world, each asks or subscribes for it. The influ- 
ence, for example, which it has exerted toward making Latin 
America better and truthfully known among the large colony of 
able newspaper correspondents in Washington and in the editorial 
rooms of the leading newspapers and reviews in all parts of the 
United States is one of the most teUing arguments for its pres- 
ent usefulness. 

Improvements, Shortcomings and Criticisms 

The Director, however, appreciates that the Bulletin is yet far 
from being what it should be and he hopes to make, as time goes 
on, many needed changes and improvements. The fact that it 
is sometimes severely criticised is evidence of its value ; formerly 
nobody criticised it because nobody read it. What the Director 
does object to, on the other hand, is the tendency of some persons 
and papers to condemn the whole Bulletin and its work because 
they now and then discover an accidental error in its statistics 
or statement of facts. If one error is found in one item on one 
page in one issue about a country, the critic who points it out 
will sometimes overlook, and disregard, the thousands of other 
correct items occupying many pages in every issue which have 
disseminated over the world valuable and helpful information 
concerning that same country. Sincere suggestions for its bet- 
terment will always be welcomed and favorably acted upon if 
possible. 

Ninety-five per cent of the statistical material published in the 
Bulletin is literally "dug up" and specially prepared from every 
available source of information such as official gazettes, Consular 
reports, newspapers, etc., without any direct help from each 
government. It is natural, therefore, that mistakes should some- 
times creep in but in nine cases out of ten the responsibility rests 
with the original source of information and not with the mem- 
ber of the Bulletin stafif who made the compilation. 

Recommendation to Each Government for Co-operation 

In concluding this discussion of the Bulletin, I have the honor 
to submit only one recommendation which, if followed, will help 
the Director immeasurably in his efforts to make the Bulletin an 
ideal official publication ; let each government designate one com- 
petent man in its Foreign Office or other department who shall 
have it as his appointed duty to mail or cable immediately, when 
ready, the latest authorized data, statistics, and other useful in- 



T E R R. A C E 




Second Floor Plan of the New Building. 



29 



formation which are suited to the Bulletin and deserving of 
general publicity. This officer could be the same one elsewhere 
recommended for the responsibility of keeping the Bureau and 
his government in constant and intimate touch on all matters. 



OTHER USEFUL PUBLICATIONS OF THE BUREAU. 

A prominent Member of the United States House of Repre- 
sentatives recently told the Director that he was willing each year 
to vote the appropriation by the United States Government of its 
quota of $75,000 for the Bureau if, as a result of that, it was 
able to do nothing else than publish the various pamphlets de- 
scriptive of Latin America Vv^hich it is regularly distributing upon 
request throughout the world. This opinion is cited as being one 
of hundreds that are constantly received by the Bureau not only 
from the United States but from Latin America. 

It is therefore fitting that this report should enumerate what 
has been done and is being done under this head of publications 
aside from the Monthly Bulletin. In the first place, prominent 
mention should be given to the handbooks. Although the supply 
of the majority of these is at this writing exhausted, or those 
remaining are not up-to-date, there has been such a demand for 
them, and they have done such an educational work, that new 
editions should be authorized by the different governments at 
once. The only reason that the Bureau has not prepared new 
handbooks is that it has not had the funds. It is impossible to 
get out a satisfactory descriptive work of this kind on any coun- 
try for an expense of less than $3,000, and if this were under- 
taken for all the countries it would use up two-thirds of the en- 
tire annual revenue of the institution. 

The Best Form of Handbook 

The best form of handbook is one of cloth cover, not too bulky, 
and containing just that kind of practical information which the 
greatest majority of persons seek in correspondence with the 
Bureau. Each book should contain, for comparative purposes, 
the corresponding data for each country. Handbooks issued by 
the International Bureau of the American Republics have an au- 
thority and an influence which the class of advertising matter 
issued in behalf of a government by some advertising or par- 
ticular agency in the United States or Europe can never possibly 
exert. The Bureau is constantly in receipt of numerous letters 
from all parts of the world asking whether the data sent out by 
certain semi-official agencies maintained, for instance, in Europe, 



30 

can be depended upon. The newspapers throughout tlie world 
are always readv to take information from the Bureau as read- 
ino- matter because they know its impartial and authoritative 
character, but they will hesitate to accept the material sent out by 
ordinary publicity agencies. 

Popular Monographs on Each Country 

The most popular pamphlets distributed during the last year 
by the International Bureau have been a set of monographs of 
approximately twenty pages each, descriptive of the different 
American republics. These are reprints of the section devoted 
to each country in the annual review or July number of the 
Monthly Bulletin. They give in summarized, succinct, and 
boiled-down form the latest commercial, statistical and general 
data which are wanted by the average person seeking immediate 
general information concerning a country. Carrying illustra- 
tions and diagrams, and yet being brief enough to be read in a 
few minutes, they have done a large educational work and have 
been in great demand. Thousands of them have been distributed 
in the United States and Europe, and many of them have been 
translated into half a dozen different languages. In this coming 
July, a new set will be issued, giving the latest data 
in possession of the Bureau about each country. They do 
not in any way conflict with the handbooks described above, 
which are of course much more elaborate and which contain 
a large amount of valuable information that cannot possibly be 
put in a small pamphlet of this character. 

The American Constitutions 

In the year 1905 the Bureau published in two volumes a work 
which had been for a number of years in preparation, the Con- 
stitutions of the American Republics. This was prepared by Dr. 
Jose I. Rodriguez, an eminent Latin- American scholar, for many 
years associated with the Bureau. The matter was arranged in 
parallel columns of Spanish and English, and in the case of Brazil 
in Portuguese, Spanish and English, and of Haiti in French, 
Spanish and English. This work has been in great demand, bitt 
it is now necessar}' that it should be revised and brought up to 
date because of many changes that have been made in the consti- 
tutions of the different republics. 

BibHographies and Cartographies 

From time to time the Bureau has issued bibliographies and 
cartographies of several of the republics, but it has been much 
hampered in this respect by the lack of facilities for providing it 



31 

with the latest and most authoritative information. The Direc- 
tor is desirous in the future of pubhshing special pamphlets which 
will give a comprehensive list of the leading books relating to 
the different countries in the various languages, and also of secur- 
ing a complete set of maps of the countries which will be au- 
thorized by their respective governments. There is a rapidly in- 
creasing demand upon the Bureau for reliable m.aps of the prin- 
cipal Latin-American republics, and it would be an advantage for 
all of them if they would provide the Bureau immediately with a 
considerable number for free distribution. The International 
Bureau cannot itself assume the responsibility of preparing maps 
because of the differences existing in regard to boundary lines. 
' The responsibility in this respect must be assumed by the coun- 
try itself. The maps now in possession of the Bureau are being 
consulted by men from all parts of the world, and are a valuable 
agency in promoting the study of the American republics. 

Translations of Tarifif Schedules 

One of the aims of the Bureau, always kept carefully in mind, 
has been to supply exporters and importers of the American 
countries with the complete and detailed tariff schedules of the 
Latin-American republics translated into English. These sched- 
ules have been published sometimes in the Monthly Bulletin, 
but more often in specially prepared pamphlets. For a number 
of countries several editions covering later changes in the tariffs 
have been issued. As of special interest to Latin America, more- 
over, the Bureau has published and distributed among the mer- 
chants and business men of the several repubhcs the complete 
translation of the United States tariff act of 1897 into Spanish, 
Portuguese and French. This tariff act remained in force for 
twelve years, and now it is proposed to put the new United 
States tariff act of 1909 into these languages after the close of 
the present session of the United States Congress, which may 
make some modifications or regulations for the administration of 
the tariff. 

Commercial Directories 

One of the important fields of information, and one of the 
most necessary to the building up of the commercial relations be- 
tween the United States and Latin-American countries, has been 
the issue of commercial directories of these countries giving the 
names, addresses and business of the more important merchants 
and corporations of the several republics. An elaborate direc- 
tory of this kind was issued in 1898, but this is now out of date. 
The Bureau hopes with an increase of its income to publish spe- 
cial directories on different countries in the near future. At the 




u 



33 

present time it has typewritten lists made up from the reports 
of United States consular officers in Latin-American capitals 
and cities, for which there is a large demand. 

Mining, Immigration, Land and Patent Laws 

To further the mining interests of the American republics and 
to furnish prospective miners and purchasers of mines with a 
knowledge of the mining customs and regulations of the Latin- 
American countries, the Bureau has issued a publication con- 
taining the complete mining laws and regulations of all of the 
republics. This publication has been supplemented from time 
to time, as in the case of the tariffs, by the issue and distribu- 
tion of pamphlets covering the new enactments and the change in 
the old laws. In many cases these new laws and these changes 
have been published complete in the Monthly Bulletin. The im- 
migration and land laws have been covered in the same way. The 
patent and trade-mark laws of all the republics were published 
complete in English and Spanish. This work has become the 
principal text-book used by patent and trade-mark solicitors of 
the United States and foreign countries engaged in securing in- 
ternational patents and trade-marks. 

Code of Commercial Nomenclature 

One of the subjects which engaged the particular attention of 
the First International Conference, held in Washington, was the 
compilation of a code of commercial nomenclature. The prepa- 
ration of this work was the major undertaking of the Bureau in 
its earlier years. The intention of the Conference was to secure 
the pubHcation of a technical commercial dictionary and phrase 
book in the three languages, English, Spanish and Portuguese; 
giving in each language, in alphabetical order, the meaning in 
the other two languages of all trade terms, words, phrases and 
names, used in commerce, but with particular regard to words 
and terms used in tariff schedules. The need for such a work 
was then, and is now, very evident. The first Nomenclature pub- 
lished by the Bureau was an English-Spanish-Portuguese work, 
issued in 1894. In 1897 the complete work was issued in three 
parts: First, English-Spanish-Portuguese, revised and much en- 
larged; second, Spanish-EngHsh-Portuguese ; third, Portuguese- 
Spanish-English. This work was most favorably received in 
both the Americas. At the present time, owing to the growth 
of trade, the coinage and use of new trade terms, the change and 
modification in the use of old terms, and the fact that the 
Nomenclature when published was an essay in a new field and 
therefore of a necessity incomplete, it has become more or less 
obsolete and entirely inadequate. There is a pressing need for 



34 

a new edition, but this new edition should be, in effect, a new- 
work. The cost of compilation and publication would be great. 

Special Works, Books and Pamphlets 

The list of special works, issued in book or pamphlet form 
by the Bureau, is quite a long one, and includes such subjects as 
"Money, Weights and Measures of the American Republics"; 
"Breadstuffs in Latin America" ; "Reciprocity and Trade" ; "Re- 
ports on Commerce," in several editions ; "Coffee," in English 
and in Spanish; "Pan-American Railway"; "Consular Fees and 
Invoices of Latin-American Countries" ; speeches delivered and 
special articles written by Latin-American Diplomatic and Con- 
sular representatives ; reports of United States Consular Officers 
in Latin America ; Immigration, Mining and Land Laws. 

Books and Pamphlets of the Director 

Recently the Bureau has issued a number of books and pam- 
phlets prepared by the present Director: "Colombia, Land of Great 
Possibilities" ; "Latin America as a Field for United States Cap- 
ital and Enterprise" ; "United States and Latin America" ; 
"Brazil" ; "South America, Bird's-eye View" ; "Argentina, Uru- 
guay and Paraguay" ; "Resourceful Central America" ; "The 
Western Republics of South America" ; "The Northern Repub- 
lics of South America"; "Panama, Central America and Mex- 
ico"; "Cuba, Dominican Republic and Haiti." 

The Bureau as a Distributing Agency 

One of the original purposes in the organization of the Bureau 
was that it should act as the distributing agent of the several 
republics for the distribution of books, pamphlets, etc., published 
on behalf of the countries, for the purpose of making better 
known to the world the commercial and industrial opportunities 
offered by them. A few of the countries have forwarded from 
time to time literature of this kind for distribution, but as a gen- 
eral rule they have by no means taken full advantage of the op- 
portunities offered by the Bureau for the placing of this kind of 
literature to the best advantage. Its facilities in this connection 
are believed to be far better than those offered by the special 
agencies and consular service of the several countries, since the 
Bureau is able to reach a much larger field and is recognized 
the world over as an international institution. 

Of works of this character the Bureau has distributed: "The 
British Guiana- Venezuela Boundary Case" ; "Argentine Interna- 
tional Trade"; "Railroads of the Argentine Republic — map I"; 
"Bolivia," an address by Seiior Don Tgnacio Calderon, Minister 
to the United States from Bolivia" ; "Bolivia as a Field for 



35 

American Capital," by Sevior Calderon; "Brazil in 1909" ; "Cuba," 
a report by Hon. C. E. Magoon; "Dominican Republic"; "Nitrate 
Fields of Chile"; "Trade Reports on Argentina"; "Paraguay 
and Uruguay"; "Brazil," and similar data about Central America 
and West Coast of South America, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, 
Mexico ; "Venezuela," translation into Spanish of the Bureau's 
handbook made and published by the Venezuelan Government; 
"Chile, description of the Republic" ; "Costa Rica, the Land and 
Resources" ; "Brazil, Scientific PossibiHties," by Senhor Joaquim 
Nabuco ; "Central America, Notes on Railways" ; "Guatemala, 
Country of the Future" ; and Mr. Root's speeches in South 
America. 



FOREIGN COMMERCE OF LATIN AMERICA. 

The greatest activity of the Bureau is in the development of the 
exchange of trade among the American republics. This does not 
mean, as many suppose, the advancement of commerce only be- 
tween the United States and the other American countries. Far 
from that. It means that, as an international office, it is helping 
the exchange of products between any two or between each and 
all the others. It will surprise some persons who do not appreci- 
ate the broad work of the Bureau that it was plainly responsible 
for $52,000,000 of new business among the American republics 
last year which can be directly traced and of which there is au- 
thentic record. If, then, this amount can be traced, how much 
more must be the total which it inspired but of which it has no 
record ! 

Impressive Facts Regarding Latin-American Commerce. 

Some general facts about the foreign commerce of the twenty 
Latin-American Republics may not be out of place here and will 
astonish most persons. The latest statistics compiled for this re- 
port show that in the year 1909 these countries south of the 
United States bought and sold in trade with the rest of the 
world products valued at the splendid and surprising total of two 
billion, one hundred and twenty-seven million, three hundred and 
one thousand dollars ($2,127,301,000). Assuming that there are 
seventy million (70,000,000) inhabitants in Latin America, this 
gives a per capita trade of approximately thirty dollars ($30). 
The foreign commerce of China and Japan, combined, with a con- 
servative estimate of their population at three hundred and fifty 
millions (350,000,000) was approximately one billion dollars 
($1,000,000,000). or only half that of Latin America, giving a 
per capita of less than three dollars ($3) per head, or only one- 



TOTAL COMt-tERCE, 
(ATESICE YRS. H^S-T -B) 

j^gas.Tas. ooo. 

'iliii'iininiHim iuMiiuiin' 



' miiiiiminiiiiuiiiiiMUiiiminiiiiiiiniiiiiiiihiiiuiiiiiiiiiniMiiiimiiinuiiuiniMiiiiiiiiiij ii 'i ' 



PtCADtS GKQWrn 0? LATIH 
AMtl^lCATl COMMtKCE- 



m.iimiiHiiiiiniiiiiiniiimn:iniiiiiuiunMiuiiiiimnT 



TOTAL COM^aEECa- 
ia.l£7.301.000. 




'''"'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiummu'iiii I 



uuuii'iuiiniini imiuui n iiimiiimhii luii iiin 



i'ii"iiinMiiMiMiii'iiii,i,nMiiMmiiiiiiiHiini-rTTTT 



IRCBCASL OF 



IKCREASE, 




PERCEKTAbE OF INCREASE, 

TOTAL con.' laSTo ^hhhhhh^hi^hh 

IMPORTS -11 5*^0 H^H^^^I^^HH^ 



'iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii KHiiiiiiiiiiii 




37 

tenth that of Latin America. This comparison is not in any sense 
intended as a reflection on Japan, which is a wonderful and 
most progressive country, nor upon China, which has vast latent 
wealth and enormous potentialities, but simply and solely to em- 
phasize the remarkable importance and progress of Latin 
America. 

IRemarkable Increase of Foreign Trade 

Analyzing still further these instructive and even fascinating 
figures, we find that this grand total represents an almost 
]5henomenal increase in one decade, as over the average foreign 
trade for the years 1896-7-8, of one billion, two hundred and 
three million, fiye hundred and sixteen thousand dollars ($1,- 
203,516,000), or 128%. In other words, the foreign commerce 
of Latin America averaged for the three years 1896-7-8 nine 
hundred and twenty-three million, seven hundred and eighty-five 
thousand dollars ($923,785,000), in contrast to a total of two 
billion, one hundred and twenty-seven million, three hundred and 
one thousand dollars ($2,127,301,000) in 1909. Latin America 
can well be proud of such a record. It must convince the most 
hard headed doubter that the twenty nations which reach in grand 
array from Mexico and Cuba south to Argentina and Chile are 
indeed worthy of the admiration and study of the rest of the 
world and particularly of the United States, which always prides 
itself on its trade growth and material prosperity. 

The Figures for Exports and Imports 

This total for 1909 divided into exports and imports shows a 
notable balance of trade in favor of Latin America. The ex- 
ports were valued at one billion, two hundred and thirty-two 
million, one hundred and three thousand dollars ($1,232,103,000) ; 
the imports at eight hundred and ninety-five million, one hundred 
and ninety-eight thousand dollars ($895,198,000), or a favorable 
Imlance of three hundred and thirty-six million, nine hundred and 
five thousand dollars ($336,905,000). Exports, moreover, show 
an impressive increase in ten years of 143% and imports of 
115fo. 

Latin America and the United States 

There is not space in this report to discuss in detail the foreign 
commerce of each one of the twenty-one American republics, 
but taking the United States, in view of its population and large 
commerce, as one grand division, and all Latin America as 
another, of the vast Pan-American field of the Bureau's activity, 
the data compiled especially for this report shows further re- 



38 

markable and interesting facts. The United States bought from 
and sold to Latin America in 1909 products valued at the large 
total of nearly six hundred million dollars ($600,000,000). The 
exact figures were five hundred and eighty-nine million, three 
hundred and two thousand dollars ($589,302,000). The average 
for the three years of 1907-8-9 was five hundred and thirty-eight 
million, five hundred and nine thousand dollars ($538,509,000). 
Now contrast this total with the average of a decade ago, or 
for 1896-7-8, and we find the latter was only two hundred and 
thirty-six million, two hundred and seventy-nine thousand dol- 
lars ($236,279,000). In other words, the exchange of trade be- 
tween the United States and her sister respublics more than 
doubled itself in approximately ten years ! That this commerce 
with the United States is a good thing beyond doubt for Latin 
America is established by the fact that the balance of trade 
averages nearly one hundred million dollars ($100,000,000) per 
annum in favor of the southern countries. On the assumption, 
however, that the raw products of Latin America are needed 
in vast quantities to keep the factories, labor and capital of the 
United States occupied and to supply food to her inhabitants, this 
balance works no hardship on the United States. 

Competition of United States and Europe 

Taking six hundred million dollars ($600,000,000) as high- 
water mark of what Latin America and the United States ex- 
changed in trade last year, what becomes of the complaint of 
the uninformed man that the United States is entirely neglectful 
of Latin America's commerce and is being outstripped rapidly 
by Germany and France? When the LTnited States buys, as she 
does, one-fourth of all Latin America sells to the world, and sells 
to it one-fourth of all it buys, no one can logically say that the 
United States and Latin America are losing their commerce with 
each other through the competition of Europe and that the In- 
ternational Bureau of the American Republics is failing in its 
work of making North and South America better known to each 
other. 

This suggests the thought that there is everything to be gained 
and nothing to be lost by the rivalry and competition of Europe 
for its share of the commerce of Latin America. The more Latin 
America can sell to Europe, the more it can buy not only of 
Europe, but of the United States. The more also that Europe 
can sell to it, the more Europe in turn can buy of it, and so in- 
crease the general prosperity and buying capacity of Latin 
America. It would be undignified and unwise for the Bureau, 
as an international institution, and unfair to Latin America, for 
it to oppose or interfere with the development of the closest trade 
relations between Latin America on the one hand and Europe 



39 

and Asia on the other. The broader and wider the export and 
import field of all America, the greater the reciprocal prosperity 
which will come to every American nation and people. 

The Foreign Trade of the Argentine Republic 

Inasmuch as the Conference is being held in the Argentine 
Republic, it is fitting to make specific reference to the extraor- 
dinary total of its foreign trade for 1909 as showing the present 
progress and commercial possibilities of a representative Latin- 
American country. Argentina bought from, and sold to, other 
countries in 1909 products valued at the great total of seven hun- 
dred million, one hundred and seven thousand dollars ($700,- 
107,000). Of this her exports were no less than three hundred and 
ninety-seven million, three hundred and fifty-one thousand dol- 
lars ($397,351,000) and the imports three hundred and two mil- 
lion, seven hundred and fifty-six thousand dollars ($302,756,000). 
This gives a balance in favor of Argentina of approximately 
ninety-five million dollars ($95,000,000). Argentina's per capita 
of foreign commerce on a basis of seven million (7,000,000) in- 
habitants is most impressive, being an average of one hundred 
dollars ($100), a rate not surpassed by any other large country. 
Stated in another way, Argentina's seven millions of people con- 
ducted a larger foreign trade in 1909 than the fifty millions of 
progressive and powerful Japan or the three hundred millions 
of awakening and resourceful China. 

The average foreign trade of Argentina for the years 1896-7-8 
was two hundred and twenty-three million, two hundred and 
twenty-eight thousand dollars ($223,228,000). As this grew to 
exceed seven hundred million dollars ($700,000,000) in ten or 
eleven years, there was an increase in that short period of four 
hundred and seventy-six million, eight hundred and seventy-nine 
thousand dollars ($476,879,000), or 214%— a record equaled by 
few, if any, other commercial countries. 

Other Countries Also Show Large Totals 

If it would not make this report too statistical, the Director 
would enjoy pointing out the great strides forward in the devel- 
opment of both foreign and home trade by the other republics. 
These have been brought constantly to the attention of the Bu- 
reau, and in turn made known by its agencies of publicity to the 
attention of the wide world. As a matter of record, however, it 
is interesting to note that the value of exports and imports of 
Brazil in 1909 amounted nearly to five hundred million dollars 
($500,000,000) with every prospect of growing rapidly in the 
future. Next came Chile with a foreign commerce (in 1909) 



41 

of two hundred and ten million dollars ($210,000,000) ; Cuba 
(1909), with two hundred and four million ($204,000,000); 
Mexico (1909), with nearly two hundred million ($200,000,000) ; 
Uruguay (1909), with eighty million ($80,000,000); Peru 
(1907), with fifty-six milHon ($56,000,000) ; Bolivia (1909), with 
thirty-seven million ($37,000,000) ; Colombia (1908), with twen- 
ty-eight million ($28,000,000); Venezuela (1908), with twenty- 
four milHon ($24,000,000); Ecuador (1908), with fifteen mil- 
Hon ($15,000,000); Dominican Republic (1908), with fourteen 
million ($14,000,000); Costa Rica (1909), with fourteen mil- 
lion ($14,000,000); Guatemala (1908), with twelve milHon 
($12,000,000) ; Panama n908), with nine milHon ($9,000,000) ; 
Salvador (1909), with eight miHion ($8,000,000) ; Haiti (1908), 
with eight million ($8,000,000); Paraguay (1908), with seven 
million ($7,000,000); Nicaragua (1908), with seven milHon 
($7,000,000). and Honduras (1909), with four milHon ($4,- 
000,000). The exact figures available are quoted in an accom- 
panying diagram which tells the story better than descriptive 
matter. 

Total Exports and Imports of the United States 

To have the record complete it is well to note that the United 
States conducted in 1909 a foreign commerce valued at three 
billion, two hundred and three million, eight hundred and fifteen 
thousand, eight hundred and fifty-one dollars ($3,203,815,851), 
of which exports were one billion, seven hundred and twenty- 
eight milHon, two hundred and three thousand, two hundred and 
seventy-one dollars ($1,728,203,271) and imports one billion, four 
hundred and seventy-five million, six hundred and twelve thou- 
sand, five hundred and eighty dollars ($1,475,612,580). The en- 
tire foreign commerce of the republics supporting the Bureau 
•could, therefore, be estimated approximately at five bilHon, 
three hundred milHon doHars ($5,300,000,000). This does not 
include prosperous Canada or a few other colonial possessions 
of European nations in the Western Hemisphere. 

Attention is caHed to the table in the Appendix and to the 
diagrams accompanying the text of this report. 



THE PANAMA CANAL AND PAN-AMERICAN 
COMMERCE. 

The Bureau has devoted much effort to awakening the world 
to an appreciation of the material development that must come 
directly to the west coast of South America, Central America, 
and Mexico, and indirectly to the east coasts of those parts of 



42 

the Western Hemisphere through the increased prosperity of the 
western section, when the Panama Canal is opened to general 
traffic. The Director believes that it is no exaggeration to state 
that the whole Pacific Coast line, reaching from northern Mexico 
south to southern Chile, will experience a growth and a nev/ 
prosperity, following the opening of the Canal, which will rival 
the development that took place in California and the west coast 
of the United States after the completion of the transcontinental 
railways. There is no more powerful agency for the advance- 
ment of a country's welfare than direct and first-class means of 
communication between it or its principal ports and otlier coun- 
tries or their principal entrepots of commerce and trade. 

The coast line reaching for 5,000 miles south from Panama 
to the Straits of Magellan, and the 3,000 miles reaching north- 
west from Panama to the United States, has been practically 
isolated, during the period in which the world generally has made 
its greatest material progress, from the principal commercial 
routes which have had such an influence on the phenomenal de- 
velopment of the United States, Europe, parts of Asia, and the 
east coast of South America. By the opening of the Canal this 
coast line and all the countries and ports debouching upon it will 
liave immediate and close steamship connections with the prin- 
cipal ports of the United States and Europe. 

Opportunities Should be Studied 

In view of these prospects, it is of the highest importance that 
the manufacturers, the exporters, the merchants, the investors, 
and the students of the United States should familiarize them- 
selves with the opportunities on the west coast of South and Cen- 
tral America, and that, in turn, the business men, the exporters, 
and the agriculturists living in these Latin- American countries 
should study the opportunities for developing their trade with the 
United States, Europe, and the Far East. The countries to be 
most directly benefited by the Panama Canal are the United 
States, Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, 
Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Chile ; 
but inafmuch as Brazil and Argentina have great western sec- 
tions which are in a sense tributary to the Pacific Coast or closely 
associated with it, and as they are, moreover, increasing their 
trade with the countries bordering on the Pacific, they will be 
helped by the increase in population and wealth of the western 
countries. The same quickening influence w^ill be felt by Uruguay, 
Paraguay and by Venezuela and the countries of the Caribbean, 
like Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. All America, 
therefore, is vastly concerned with the completion of this water- 
way. 

It is interesting to note that the foreign commerce of the west 



coast of Central and South America, in its present isolated posi- 
tion, is valued approximately at $400,000,000 per annum. If it 
can conduct a trade as large as this without the Canal, there is 
every reason to believe that it will carry on a commerce valued 
at double or three times that amount within ten years after the 
first ship steams from the Atlantic to the Pacific. 

Celebration of the Opening of Canal 

In this connection, it is most fitting that there should be a sub- 
ject in the program of the Conference calling for a "Resolution 
instructing the Governing Board of the International Bureau of 
the American Republics to consider and recommend the manner 
in which the American Republics may see fit to celebrate the 
opening of the Panama Canal." This resolution involves a heavy 
responsibility, and it is to be hoped that some plan may be recom- 
mended which will meet with the hearty approval of all the 
countries. The Director has been urged by different cities of 
the United States and by different individuals of influence and 
authority to make some declaration of the attitude of the Interna- 
tional Bureau toward such a celebration or the place where it 
might be held, but of course he has carefully avoided any ex- 
pression of opinion which may indicate a preference. This is 
mentioned simply to show the interest which is being taken in re- 
gard to the celebration of the opening of the Canal. 

Believing that it will mark the beginning of a new era in the 
development of commercial relations of the whole Western 
Hemisphere, the Bureau has compiled and distributed a large 
amount of information treating of the material aspects of the 
completion of the Panama Canal, and it awaits with interest the 
action of the Conference on this subject of the program. 



IMPROVED STEAMSHIP AND MAIL FACILITIES. 

Recognizing that among the greatest helps to the development 
of trade are first-class mail facilities and rapid steamship con- 
nections, the International Bureau has done everything it con- 
sistently could, without committing itself to any particular pol- 
icy, for the improvement of the mail and steamship service be- 
tween North and South America. It is not for the Bureau or 
the Director, unless acting under instructions of the Governing 
Board, to discuss or recommend what are sometimes called "sub- 
sidies," but there are certain underlying conditions which must 
be followed if there are to be more, faster, and better steamers 
between North and South America, and more speedy dispatch 
of mails. 



45 

Conditions on Land and Sea the Same 

In order to build up commerce between countries which liave 
only water connection, it is just as necessary to have fast and 
commodious express steamers to carry mails and passengers as 
it is to have fast express and commodious railroad trains on land 
to develop trade between adjoining States or cities. As no State 
or city having only freight or slow-going trains connecting it 
with a great market can compete successfully with another State 
or city having fast express trains as well as those running slowly 
and carrying freight, correspondingly no country having slow- 
going and uncomfortable steamships can compete in the long 
run with countries provided with better steamship facilities. 
It is as imperative to carry business men and the mails back and 
forth quickly and comfortably as it is to provide an abundance 
of freight trains for the conveyance of cargo. 

Payment of Compensation for Service 

If the long distances to be covered, the amount of space re- 
quired for carrying coal, and the cost of up-keep are such that 
steamship companies cannot afford to put on fast steamers for 
carrying mails and passengers, they should be paid a wage, de- 
termined by competitive bids, for carrying the mails extreme dis- 
tances, which would give the service required. In view of the 
fact that the Latin-American countries as well as the United 
States might wish to put on steamships flying their flags, it might 
seem best that the authorities in each government should be au- 
thorized to pay to a steamship company flying any flag the amount 
which it, for the lowest figure, in competition with other lines, 
would carry the mails back and forth. In the true development 
of the Pan-American spirit of mutual interest and unity of ef- 
fort, it would not seem right for the United States to legislate 
by tonnage dues, or by discrimination against vessels flying the 
flag of a Latin-American country. 

If, therefore, the Pan-American Conference can recommend 
some plan bv which the governments of both North and South- 
America will pay a reasonable compensation or wage to any 
company of any nationality providing faster service for the mails 
and comfortable accommodations for .passengers, there is_ no 
doubt that shortly will come a great change in the present situa- 
tion and that mails and passengers will go back and forth between 
the principal ports of the United States and the principal ports of 
Latin America with the same rapidity and comfort that they now 
travel back and forth between Europe and Latin America. 



46 

Improved Facilities Already Established 

It gives the Director pleasure to call attention to the improved 
steamship service that is being established between New York 
and the principal ports of the east coast of South America. Sev- 
eral new boats with excellent passenger accommodations have 
already been put on and more are contemplated, and it would 
appear as if the time were at hand when it would not be necessary 
for the North American or South American visiting the other 
section of the Western Hemisphere to go via Europe. A sim- 
ilar improvement has been made at New Orleans in the Caribbean 
service. It is also a pleasure for the Director to state, as indi- 
cated at another point in this report, that negotiations are now 
going on between several governments and a number of respon- 
sible capitalists and shipbuilders for the establishment of a first- 
class service between the principal ports of the Ignited States and 
the west coast of South and Central America, to be ready for 
operation as soon as the Canal is opened. 

In this connection, credit should be given to some of the 
South American countries for the efforts they have already made 
for improved steamship facilities. If the other countries will 
supplement their efforts or unite with them, a great change will 
come over the conditions of trade and travel between North and 
South America. 



THE NEW BUILDING OF THE INTERNATIONAL 

BUREAU. 

There is nothing that gives the Director more pleasure than to 
report upon the completion and occupation of the new building. 
It is without doubt, considering its cost and size, one of the most 
beautiful structures in the world. It certainly is unique in the 
United States and in the Capital, Washington. It not only stands 
as a temple of a great principle, but as the home of a practical 
office. It is a physical demonstration to everybody who visits 
Washington that the International Union of American Republics 
has an actual force, and that its office is housed in an appropriate 
manner. It is, as Elihu Root said at its dedication, "A con- 
fession of faith, a covenant of fraternal duty, a declaration of 
allegiance to an ideal." 

In the same speech he also said. "This building is to be in its 
most manifest utilitarian service a convenient instrument for 
association and growth of mutual knowledge among the people 
of the different republics. The library maintained here, the 
books and journals accessible here, the useful and interesting 



47 

publications of the Bureau, the enormous correspondence carried 
on with seekers for knowledge about American countries, the 
opportunities now afforded for further growth in all those ac- 
tivities, justify the pains and the expense. The building is more 
important, however, as the symbol or ever present reminder of 
perpetual association of unity of common interest and purpose 
and hope among all the American republics." 

First Plans for a Building 

In 1903 the Governing Board of the Bureau recommended the 
erection of a new building in Washington, to cost $125,000, the 
amount to be apportioned among all the supporting countries in 
proportion to population. On this basis the Latin-American re- 
publics would contribute $50,000, and the United States $75,000. 
The proposition was received generally with favor, and some of 
the Latin-American countries soon after paid in their quotas. 
The Congress of the United States, by act approved June 30, 
1906, upon the recommendation of the then Secretary of State, 
Mr. Root, decided to contribute a larger portion than originally 
intended, and appropriated $200,000 for the purpose. In the 
meantime the other republics paid in sums amounting approxi- 
mately to $50,000. 

The Gift of Mr. Andrew Carnegie 

On January 1, 1907, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, the distinguished 
philanthropist, addressed a letter to Mr. Root, then Secretary of 
State of the United States and ex officio Chairman of the Govern- 
ing Board, making an offer of v$750,000 for the erection of a new 
building as the home of the International Bureau of the Ameri- 
can Republics. This offer was accepted by the Board at a special 
meeting held on January 30, 1907, and the Director was instructed 
to proceed with the purchase of a site, the securing of a design 
through competition of architects, and, in due time, the letting 
of a contract for its erection. Negotiations under the supervision 
of Secretary Root were immediately begun for the purchase of 
what was known as the "Van Ness property," owned by George 
Washington University, and located on 17th Street between B 
and C Streets, facing the park south of the White House on one 
side and the new Potomac Park overlooking the Potomac River 
on the other side. 

No more beautiful location could be found in the Capital of 
the United States, situated as it is on the axis of the Mall, 
reaching from the National Capitol through to the Potomac 
River, with the Washington Monument near at hand, and the 
White House, the State Department, the Corcoran Art Gallery, 
and the principal park driveway of the city all in the vicinity. 




The Grand Foyer or Hall of Flags in the New Building, 

AS SEEN FROM THE OfFICE OF THE DIRECTOR. 



49 

The ground upon which it stands occupies five acres, or about 
two and a half hectares, and enables the building to have a hand- 
some setting of green lawn on every side. The $200,000 appro- 
priated by the United States was used for purchase of this 
ground, the offer for purchase being made by Secretary Root on 
February 16th, and accepted by the Board of Trustees of the 
University on April 29, 1907. The deed conveying the property 
was delivered June 6, 1907. 

The Architectural Competition 

In response to a competition, duly advertised, some seventy 
separate designs were submitted for the new building, and an 
award was finally unanimously made by the judges, consisting 
of three of the leading architects of the United States, Mr. 
Charles F. McKim, Mr. Henry Hornbostel, and Mr. Austin W. 
Lord, acting in co-operation with the Secretary of State of the 
United States and the Director. The successful architects selected 
were Messrs. Albert Kelsey and Paul P. Cret of Philadelphia, 
who had associated themselves together for the submission of 
plans. The competition was limited to the United States only be- 
cause of the great desire to push forward the beginning of work 
upon the building. A competition including the architects of 
Latin America would have meant a delay of eight months to a 
year, and it was the unanimous opinion of the Governing Board 
that the growth of the work of the Bureau, in view of its then 
exceedingly cramped quarters, would not permit of the delay. 
The contract was let April 1, 1908, to Norcross Brothers of 
Worcester, Massachusetts, as a result of competitive bids. James 
Berrall was appointed Superintendent of Construction and Will- 
iam Copeland Furber Consulting Engineer. 

Laying of the Corner-Stone May 11, 1908 

The laying of the foundation began on April 13, 1908, and the 
corner-stone was laid May 11, 1908, with perhaps the most im- 
pressive ceremonies of the kind ever held in the city of Wash- 
ington. Nearly five thousand people, including all the leading 
officials and most of the distinguished private individuals of the 
Capital were present, together with many eminent visitors from 
other parts of the United States and foreign countries. The par- 
ticipants in the program included the President of the United 
States ; the Secretary of State of the United States ; 
the Ambassador of Brazil, Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, speak- 
ing, and also the correspondence covering the gift of Mr. Car- 
negie, Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Cranston and the Director. 
Special cable messages from the Presidents of all the American 
republics were read and earnestly applauded, while the flag of 
each American nation was raised to the music of its national 
anthem. 



so 

The Dedication on April 26, 1910 

Since then the work has gone forward without interruption, 
and the formal dedication took place on April 26th of this year, 
or about fifteen days less than two years after the corner-stone 
was laid. The dedicatory exercises were as impressive as those 
of the corner-stone laying, and the participants this time included 
the President of the United States ; the Secretary of State of the 
United States, wJio is Chairman ex officio of the Governing 
Board; the Ambassador of Mexico, Mr. Francisco Leon de la 
Barra, speaking on behalf of Latin America ; Senator Elihu Root, 
Mr. Andrew Carnegie, Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Harding, Albert 
Kelsey and Director Barrett. Cable messages were again re- 
ceived and read from the Presidents of the Latin-American re- 
publics. In the evening, following the actual dedication, there 
was given in the grand salon, or "Hall of the American Repub- 
lics" as some have suggested it should be termed, a notable re- 
ception in which the President of the United States headed the 
receiving line and the members and their wives of the Govern- 
ing Board and Mr. and Mrs. Carnegie assisted. Over twenty- 
six hundred guests were invited, including the entire diplomatic 
corps, the Supreme Court, the members of the Cabinet, Senators 
and Congressmen, and other distinguished official and unofficial 
persons. 

Popular Interest in the Building 

On May 10, 1910, almost exactly two years after the corner- 
stone laying, the building was actually occupied by the office staff. 
Since that day it has been crowded by visitors from all parts of 
the world, averaging as many as several hundred in a day. All 
of these go away with a new idea as to the importance of the 
Pan-American L^nion and of the future of the Latin-American 
republics. The publicity which Latin America has received 
throughout the United States, and even in Europe, as a result 
of the construction of this new building, has had a most bene- 
ficial effect in awakening the world to a realization of their re- 
sources, progress, and possibilities. 

Brief Description of the Structure 

In order to give in a brief word a description of the building, 
which covers its principal features, I quote the following from 
the official program of the dedicatory exercises: 

''This new edifice is a unique, practical office building, also adapted as 
a place for diplomatic functions, international conferences, and other 
kindred ceremonial uses. Two colossal marble groups typifying the spirit 
of modern progress in North and South America respectively flank the 
triple L-ntrances. Grilles of solid bronze form the outer doors and screen 



51 

the approach to the lofty vestibule which in turn opens wide upon a 
patio which is filled with rare tropical plants and is covered by a sliding 
glass roof which may be kept closed in the winter. A wide cornice shades 
a rich frieze on which the arms of the twenty-one republics and the 
names of distinguished patriots are emblazoned. In the center a pink 
marble fountain of archaic design plays water, light, and color. On either 
side of the patio grand marble stairs ascend to the open foyer of the 
main hall, where busts of distinguished men are displayed and the em- 
broidered silken (lags of the American Republics are gracefully sus- 
pended. 

"The Director's room, the Secretary's room and the Board Room are 
on this floor. Here is the large Hall of the Republics with the Board 
Room opening at one end and another of similar dimensions at the other 
— the three together forming a pleasing vista and climax. To this great 
hall also lead the monumental stairs from the marble terrace at the 
rear. The bronze frieze in the Board Room, above a wall-covering of 
yellow brocade, depicts decisive scenes and events in American history. 
The white mahogany table around which the Governing Board meets 
is surrounded by chairs carrying the names and escutcheons of the Re- 
publics represented. 

■'The routine business of the Bureau is transacted on the first floor 
and in the bright and airy basement, and yet on the ground level there 
are, besides many offices, a public reading room of liberal dimensions and 
a modern stack room with accommodations for one hundred and seventy- 
five thousand volumes. A mail room, storeroom, vaults, service room, 
etc., have been conveniently and inconspicuously incorporated. The gen- 
eral reception room on the left of the entrance is finished in Oregon fir 
presented by the lumber manufacturers of that State as a personal tribute 
to the Director." 

Among the artists and sculptors whose work ornaments the 
building are Charpentier, Gutzon Borglum, Gertrude Vander- 
bilt Whitney, Isidore Konti, Herbert Adams, Sally James Farn- 
ham, Chester Beach, Robert Aitkin, Solon Borglum and Rudulph 
Evans. 

Statement of Building Accounts 

The accounts for the construction of the new building are now 
being closed up, and the final payment to the contractors will be 
made about the time this report goes to press. As soon as pos- 
sible after that date, a detailed statement will be submitted by 
the Director to the Governing Board covering the expenditure 
of all funds in his charge. It is most gratifying to the Director 
to be able to state to the Conference that the building has been 
erected entirely within the amount placed at the disposal of the 
Governing Board by Mr. Carnegie, through Mr. Elihu Root, but 
this result has only been accomplished by the greatest care and 
attention being given to every feature of the work, not only by 
the Director himself, but by the contractors and architects, aided 
by the constant advise and personal interest of Mr. Root. It is 
also pleasing to hear men experienced in the construction of large 
buildings express surprise that such an artistic and practical 




w f- t^ 



53 

structure has been built, furnished and occupied for the amount 
expended. The system of vouchers and auditin.s^ has been di- 
rected with so much care that not one cent has been wasted. The 
total amount practically at the disposal of the Governing Board 
and Director has been approximately one million dollars — seven 
hundred and fifty thousand contributed by Mr. Carnegie, two 
hundred thousand appropriated by the United States, and about 
fifty thousand received from the other American governments. 
The first amount was used entirely in the erection of the build- 
ing; the second in the purchase of the ground; and the last in 
the payment of contingent expenses and furnishings. 

Recommendation to the Conference 

In concluding this section of the report referring to the new 
building, I have the honor to make one or two recommenda- 
tions. Already in one of the grand corridors overlooking the 
central patio are draped the silken and embroidered flags of each 
repubHc, while provision is made for marble busts of a repre- 
sentative man in the history of each country. About one-half 
of the republics have made provision for such representation and 
it is respectfully urged that those governments which have not 
yet acted in this matter shall do so as soon as possible in order 
that the collection, which attracts much attention and has a his- 
torical and educational value, may be soon completed. The Direc- 
tor further expresses the hope that not only every member of the 
Conference, but every Latin American who may visit the United 
States or travel to foreign countries may find it possible to go to 
Washington and see with his own eyes this temple of Pan-Ameri- 
can peace, commerce and friendship. If he takes advantage of 
this invitation he will not only receive a cordial welcome from the 
Director and the staff of the Bureau, but he will return with new 
enthusiasm for the work of the institution and for the possibili- 
ties of the co-operation of the American nations for their mu- 
tual betterment. 

Attention is called to the official correspondence in regard to 
the gift of Mr. Carnegie, quoted in the Appendix. 



THE BUREAU AND GOVERNMENT EXHIBITIONS. 

The Bureau has unreservedly and actively co-operated with 
American govcnments which have been giving national or in- 
ternational exhibitions, and it has, through its Bulletin, its cor- 



54 

respondence, its notices to the press and other agents of pub- 
licity, done much to awaken interest in these exhibitions. When 
the National Exhibition of Brazil was held at Rio de Janeiro in 
1908, the Bureau gave it extensive publicity in the United States 
and Europe, with the result that many travelers went to Brazil 
and others parts of South America who had never before visited 
that part of the world. Many large manufacturing firms which 
had not before realized the opportunity carefully instructed 
their representatives in Rio to make creditable exhibits. 

At the National Exhibition held at Quito, Ecuador, in 1909,. 
the Bureau itself made an exhibit and co-operated with Com- 
missioner General Wands of the United States in securing ex- 
hibits from that country. 

At the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, held in the city of 
Seattle, State of Washington, United States, the Bureau main- 
tained an exhibit of its own which was visited by thousands of 
persons and attracted general attention. That exhibit has been 
described as largely responsible for first awakening the Pacific 
Coast of the United States to an appreciation of the importance 
of the Pacific Coast of Latin America. 

The Bureau has taken, moreover, much interest in the Inter- 
national Exhibitions of Agriculture, Transportation, and Fine 
Arts being held this year at Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic, 
and in the International Exhibition of Fine and Applied Arts, 
which will take place at Santiago, Chile, in September. Long^ 
before the United States and some of the European and other 
Latin-American countries had taken any steps toward representa- 
tion at these exhibitions, the Bureau had published much descrip- 
tive matter about them and their purposes, and had advised the 
agriculturalists, the manufacturers, and the artists of different 
countries to participate. The Director himself personally urged 
upon the United States Congress an appropriation for creditable 
representation of that Government at Buenos Aires and San- 
tiago. 



JUDGMENT PASSED UPON THE BUREAU. 

It is appropriate that there should be incorporated in this re- 
port a few quotations from the comment of men in public life,, 
from newspaper editorials and from public addresses, which give 
a little idea of how the work of the International Bureau of the 
American Republics is regarded. It is no exaggeration to state 
tliat the files of the Bureau's correspondence are crowded with 
letters from all classes of men and with cHppings from papers 
in many parts of the world commending the Bureau or express- 
ing appreciation of information supphed. There is given here- 



55 

just sufficient to show to those who are not entirely familiar with 
what the Bureau is doing how it is regarded by those who are 
competent to judge. 

In the message which President Taft of the United States 
sent to Congress on December 7, 1909, he said : 

"The International Bureau of the American Republics has carried on 
an important and increasing work during the last year. In the exer- 
cise of its peculiar functions as an international agency, maintained by 
all the American Republics for the development of Pan-American com- 
merce and friendship, it has accomplished a great practical good, which 
could be done in the same way by no individual department or bureau 
of one government, and is, therefore, deserving of your liberal support. 
The fact that it is about to enter a new building, erected through the 
munificence of an American philanthropist and the contributions of all 
the American nations, where both its efficiency of administration and ex- 
pense of maintenance will naturally be much augmented, further entitles 
it to special consideration." 

One of the last letters which Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, the dis- 
tinguished and lamented Ambassador of Brazil to the United 
States, wrote, was the following, under date of January 7, 1910: 

"Dear Mr. Barrett : I thank you for the New Year's issue of the 
Bulletin. You have made it the most interesting review for the two 
Americas. I congratulate you on your work, and I am glad that my 
term of service in Washington coincided with yours. 

"Hoping to continue some time longer to serve with you here the 
Pan-American cause, I am, 

"Very truly yours, 

"Joaquim Nabuco." 

In its issue of July 26, 1909, the "London Times," one of the 
most powerful papers of Great Britain, had the following quota- 
tion from its Washington corre jondent: 

"South America, through the Bureau of the American Republics here, 
with which twenty-one countries are affiliated, has been intently watching 
the course of the tariff bill. It has developed, through the efforts of 
Mr. John Barrett, its Director, into a considerable influence toward the 
development of both commerce and friendship between the United States 
and Latin America. The Bureau to some extent is responsible for the 
remission of the duty on coffee, in which Brazil is keenly interested, 
and is striving to prevent the duty on hides in the interests of Argentina, 
Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Cuba, as also to 
check an increased duty on other South American products. It is taking 
an active part in the movement for the creation of an international bank 
in South America, and it hopes to promote the passage next session in 
Congress of a bill providing for improved shipping facilities." 

The "New York Sun," one of the most influential newspapers 
of New York City, in an extended review of the Bulletin, said, 
in its issue of August 4, 1909, the following: 




Hon. Philander C. Knox 
Secretary of State of the United 
States and Chairman ex officio of 
the Governing Board of the Inter- 
national Bureau of American Re- 
publics. 





Mr. John Barrett 
Director of the International Bureau 
of American Republics. 



Mr. Francisco J. Yanes 

Secretary of the International Bureau 

of .American Republics. 



57 

"The Bureau of the American Republics has recently issued a very 
valuable publication in the form of an annual review of conditions in 
Latin America. The Bureau has published such reviews for a number 
of years, but in the matter and treatment thereof the latest issue is far 
ahead of any of its predecessors. The reviews of 1904, 1905, and 1906 
made pamphlets of about 100 pages. The review of 1907 covered 175 
pages. The story of 1908 runs up to nearly 300 pages, with maps, dia- 
grams, and illustrations. The commercial statements of all the coun- 
tries reported are as complete as it has been possible to make them. The 
omissions are due to the fact that some of the Republics do not keep 
elaborate and up-to-date records of their trade with other lands." * * * 



The El Paso "Herald," one of the principal newspapers of the 
State of Texas, published in the city where took place the famous 
meeting of the Presidents of the United States and Mexico, said 
in its issue of October 29, 1909 : 

"It doesn't cost much and it isn't very noisy, but the International 
Bureau of the American Republics at Washington brings us consider- 
ably nearer the day when there will be a federation of the world. The 
work that is being done under John Barrett's direction is so important 
and so far-reaching that it will take several decades for it to become 
generally understood or adequately acknowledged. 

"Through the distribution of the Monthly Bulletin, printed in four 
languages, the Bureau is helping to educate thousands of editors, public 
men, and business men in various parts of the world, especially through- 
out the Republics of this Hemisphere. 

"Every issue is like a trip of exploration into new and unknown regions. 
It may be that the school children nowadays are keeping up with the 
development of the three Americas better than was the case with the 
previous generations. It is to be hoped that they are. The greatest 
commercial opportunities of the future for the United States lie to the 
south of us. 

"The greatest barrier to closer and more profitable intercourse with the 
other American Republics is the lack of knowledge of each other's lan- 
guage. If the average American had easy command of the Spanish 
language, the truth about Latin America would come to him like a 
revelation. It seems absurd, and yet it is an undoubted fact, that Ameri- 
cans are apt to regard as inferior the people of every nation whose lan- 
guage they can not understand. The same attitude of mind that leads the 
housewife to shout louder and louder at the Mexican who can not un- 
derstand English, and finally to call him a dunce, leads the average 
American to depreciate the people of other nations and other tongues. 

"The Bureau of the American Republics prints a monthly magazine 
that seems to grow more interesting with every issue ; possibly the in- 
creasing interest is due in no small degree to the wider horizon and 
greater keenness of perception that come from associating through the 
printed word with the highly progressive nations of Latin America. 

"Europe knows more about South America than we do. Europe 
travels to South x\merica to learn how to do big things in many lines. 
The intelligent American can no longer afford to ignore the progress 
and development of the Latin Republics. The too prevalent disregard, 
which often seems tinged with a sort of contempt, is due not to real 
superiority but to ignorance. 



58 

"The Bureau of the American Republics, which is supported by ap- 
propriations by more than twenty different nations, is the most impor- 
tant agency of enlightenment that is at work just now to bring the 
American Republics to a better appreciation and understanding of each 
other's distinguishing merits and special opportunities. The Bureau is- 
a power for peace no less than for commercial expansion, inasmuch as 
strife is bred in suspicion and suspicion is bred in ignorance." 

"EI Diario," one of the newspapers of Santiago, the capital of 
Chile, in its issue of November 13, 1909, said: 

"The task undertaken by the International Bureau of the American 
Republics is a big as well as a laborious one. The institution is at 
prc?ent under the direction of Mr. John Barrett, whose name is well 
known to all ."Students of affairs in the southern republics. To develop- 
closer relations, to diffuse a better mutual knowledge among all the 
countries of the Continent, to prepare slowly but surely for the great 
fuure of America, to make this rapprochement practical, and to unite 
the republics in a double bond of confidence and support — such, in short, 
is the task of this International Bureau which, under favorable auspices, 
is carrying into practical application an idea of transcendent importance^ 
In order to appreciate the character of this gigantic enterprise, it is 
sufficient to run over the pages of the Bulletin published each month,, 
and which each month is more mteresting and suggestive. We have 
recently received the issue for September and have read it with the 
same enthusiasm as the preceding numbers for the current year. In it 
are embraced fully the essentially Americanist principles of the Inter- 
national Bureau at Washington. In it is collected information of the 
greatest value concerning each country, covering commercial transactions,, 
agricultural and industrial development, etc. From it the student may 
learn nuich of which he is now ignorant regarding the life and indi- 
vidual progress of each republic, and above all, and of greater importance 
than anything else, in this Bi.'LLKTIN is encountered that spirit of sin- 
cere and altruistic Americanism which arose in the United States some- 
years ago and which prevails with, such fervor throughout the nations- 
of America." 

Mr. W. W. Finley, President of the Southern Railway Com- 
pany, one of the largest railway corporations in the United 
States, at a meeting of the principal commercial organizations of 
New Orleans, State of Louisiana, on March 4, 1910, made the 
following reference to the International Bureau : 

"In my opinion, one of the most important things that has been ac- 
complished by these international conferences was the establishment by 
the first conference of the International Bureau of the American Re- 
pul)lics. Subsequent conferences have provided for the continuance of 
this Bureau and for the enlargement of its sphere of usefulness. It 
serves, in a general way, as the executive agency of the conferences, car- 
rying on their work in the intervals between meetings, and disseminating 
in each Republic information about all the others. This Bureau is now 
ably presided over by Hon. John Barrett, who is with us to-day, and 
who has recently addressed you so eloquently on the subject of the de- 
velopment f)f Latin-American trade." 



59 

Following the dedication of the new building, the "Washington 
Post," one of the principal newspapers of the National Capital 
of the United States, said in its issue of April 27, 1910: 

"Crowning the great work that has been done toward cementing the 
friendship between this country and the Republics of South America, 
the beautiful new home of the International Bureau of the American 
Republics was formally dedicated with impressive ceremonies yesterday 
in the presence of the President of the United States and other dis- 
tinguished ofificials. 

"The splendid edifice, which has been well described as a temple of 
international peace, should stand as an appropriate monument to the 
eflforts made by this country toward bringing commercial and political 
harmony throughout the Western Hemisphere. It supplies the need of 
a substantial and, at the same time, architecturally beautiful home for 
the International Bureau of the American Republics, and is a notable 
addition to the great group of public buildings in Washington. 

"No finer, higher, or more sensible aid toward preserving international 
peace than that contributed by the international bureau has been given 
by any of the world's peace societies. The international bureau, of 
which John Barrett is the capable director, has educated the nations of 
the Western Hemisphere to understand that a programme of friendship' 
and commercial reciprocity spells progress for all who participate in it. 

"This Bureau has wasted no time on Utopian theories of disarmament, 
and has not tried to preach the doctrine of a small navy. It has worked 
steadily toward a general understanding of mutual interest among all 
the nations, seeking to show them that there is commercial profit enough 
for the advantage of all, and that this may be enjoyed to the fullest 
extent if one nation will help another. 

"The President, the Secretary of State, the Mexican ambassador, 
Cardinal Gibbons, Senator Elihu Root, Bishop Harding, and Andrew 
Carnegie, whose money built the Bureau's new home, paid high tribute- 
to Director Barrett when they declared that to him, more than to any- 
other man, belonged the credit for the movement which led to the estab- 
lishment of this permanent abode of the International Bureau of the- 
American Republics." 



The "Washington Herald," another representative paper of 
Washington, said on April 27, 1910: 

"The new home of the Bureau of American Republics, just dedicated 
with notable ceremonies, is a magnificent addition to the public archi- 
tecture of the Capital. Its interior embellishments equal in beauty those 
of the Library of Congress, and, withal, the structure is an enduring 
monument to its founders. 

"Mr. Blaine's idea of bringing all the republics of this hemisphere intO' 
closer relationship and union is to-day realized — not in full measure, how- 
ever. It has developed steadily and borne fruit, but not as abundantly 
as it should. There have not yet come out of this Pan-Americanism all 
the beneficent and mutually advantageous results that are destined to come_ 
Its development has been slow, but sure. 





IliiUtUU 




Two OF THE Grand Corridors of the New Building. 



61 

"While the splendid home of the Bureau has been building, untoward 
conditions and events — impossible to forestall, of course — have tended 
in a degree to harnper, if not to check, the constructive work inaugurated 
by Hay and carried forward with such signal success under the pro- 
gressive statesmanship of Root; but the significant sentiments uttered 
at the dedication yesterday leave no loophole for doubt or misgivings as 
to the future. 

"President Taft and Secretary Knox are no less patriotically mindful 
than were their predecessors of the importance of the Latin-American 
problems to this country and of the common interests involved. 

"To Mr. Andrew Carnegie the Bureau owes a debt of gratitude for 
the practical, philanthropic, and statesmanlike part he is taking in the 
affairs of the several nations, and the genius of Director Barrett is like- 
wise worthy of more than passing recognition. The President's high 
compliment to him was richly deserved." 

Attention is also particularly invited to the addresses which 
were delivered on the occasion of the dedication of the new 
building, April 26, 1910, and are given in the Appendix. 



RATIFICATION OF CONVENTIONS. 

As the office of the Conferences, the International Bureau has 
endeavored to keep careful record of the ratification of the con- 
ventions signed at the Third Pan-American Conference in Rio de 
Janeiro. It has corresponded with each Government in this re- 
spect, and the Director begs to submit as complete a report as he 
has been able to obtain. 



Conventions 



1. Naturalized Citizens. — Establishing status of such as again 
take up residence in country of origin. 

Ratified by Guatemala, April 20, 1907; Salvador, May 11, 
1907; United States, January 13, 1908; Nicaragua, February 20. 
1908 ; Colombia, August 29, 1908 ; Costa Rica, October 26, 1908. 

2. Pecuniary Claims. — Confirming treaty at Mexico, January 
30, 1902, with exception of third article which is abolished, and 
extending life of treaty to December 31, 1912. 

Article 3 of Treaty of Mexico reads : 

"The present Treaty shall not be obligatory except upon those States 
which have subscribed to the Convention for the Pacific settlement of the 
international disputes, signed at The Hague, July 29, 1899, and upon 
those which ratify the Protocol unanimously adopted by the Republics 
represented in the Second International Conference of American States, 
for their adherence to the Conventions signed at The Hague, July 29, 
1899." 



62 

Ratified by United States, March 2, 1907 ; Guatemala, April 
20, 1907; Salvador, May 11, 1907; Mexico, November 18, 1907; 
Nicaragua, February 20, 1908; Cuba, March 17, 1908; Colombia, 
August 29, 1908 ; Costa Rica, October 26, 1908. 

The United States, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras, Peru, 
Mexico, Costa Rica, and Colombia approved the Treaty of 
Mexico. 

3. International Law. — Establishing a commission of jurists 
to draft code ; meeting to be held in City of Rio de Janeiro. 

Ratified by Uruguay, March 27, 1907; Panama, April, 1907; 
Guatemala, April 19, 1907; Colombia, May 10, 1907; Salvador, 
May 11, 1907; Mexico, June 10, 1907; Dominican Republic, June 
15, 1907; Brazil, December 27, 1907; United States, February 3, 
1908; Nicaragua, February 20, 1908; Costa Rica, October 26, 
1908 ; and Peru, , 1908. 

4. Patents of Invention, Drawings and Industrial Models, 
Trade-Marks, and Literary and Artistic Property. 

Ratified by Guatemala, April 19, 1907; Salvador, May 11, 
1907 ; Nicaragua, February 20, 1908 ; and Costa Rica, October 
26, 1908. 

On February 15, 1909, Guatemala again ratified all four con- 
ventions. 



THE BUREAU AND THE RESOLUTIONS OF THE 
THIRD CONFERENCE. 

The Third Pan-American Conference, which was held at Rio 
de Janeiro in July, 1906, passed certain resolutions which directly 
or indirectly concerned the administration of the International 
Bureau of American Republics, and the Director now has the 
honor to state what has been done in the case of each resolution. 
The resolution under the head of "Reorganization of the Bureau 
of American Republics," assigned to it the following duties : 

1. To compile and distribute commercial information and 
prepare commercial reports. — As other portions of this re- 
port will show, the Bureau has compiled and distributed an 
immense amount of commercial information, and has pre- 
pared, in the form of its Monthly Bulletin and special 
pamphlets, a very large number of commercial reports which 
have had a wide circulation in every part of the world. 

2. To compile and classify inform.ation respecting the 
treaties and conventions between the American Republics, 
and between the latter and non-American States. — This duty 
has been followed in so far as the facilities, the income, and 



63 

the official information coming to the Bureau would permit, 
by publishing in the Monthly Bulletin from time to time any 
official reports it received in regard to treaties and conven- 
tions, but it has not been able to make a thorough study of 
this subject or to publish the material, because of the expe^ise 
that would be involved and of the impossibility of securing 
full data from the different countries although repeated ef- 
fort was made in this direction. If the recommendation of 
the Director that each government shall hereafter provide 
the Bureau with copies of all of its official acts is followed, 
it will then be feasible to execute satisfactorily this duty. 

3. To supply information on educational matters. — The 
Bureau has done a vast amount of practical work in this 
direction, conducting a large correspondence with heads of 
educational institutions, professors, students, and writers, 
not only in the United States but throughout Latin America. 
It has been specially instrumental under this head in pro- 
moting the study of the Spanish and Portuguese languages 
and the history and development of the Latin-xA^merican 
countries, in the universities, colleges and secondary schools 
of the United States. The correspondence of the Bureau 
shows that, through its recommendations, there has been a 
large increase in the number of young men studying Span- 
ish and of professors and students who are visiting Latin- 
American countries. 

4. To prepare reports on questions assigned to it by reso- 
lutions of the International American Conferences. — The 
Bureau has made an earnest effort to comply with this duty 
and has been repeatedly in correspondence with different 
governments in order to secure necessary data, although it 
has not been able to accomplish its purpose because the Pan- 
American Committees upon which it was to depend for this 
information have not compiled and forwarded the informa- 
tion required. If the recommendation of the Director, made 
elsewhere, is followed, providing for the detail of special 
men in each government to keep in touch with the Bureau 
and provide it with information, corresponding reports can 
be prepared for the next Conference. 

5. To assist in obtaining the ratification of the resolutions 
and conventions adopted by the Conferences.— The Bureau 
has attended to this duty to the fullest extent possible, cor- 
responding with each government with reference to ratifi- 
cation and urging that the resolutions of the Conference 
should be given careful consideration. 

6. To carry into effect all resolutions the execution of 
which may have been assigned or may hereafter be assigned 
to it by the International American Conferences. — The Bu- 
reau has executed this dutv in so far as it has been possible. 



64 

7. To act as a Permanent Committee of the International 
American Conferences, recommending topics to be included 
in the program of the next Conference, etc. — This duty has 
been executed as seen in the Report of the Committee on 
Program of the Governing Board. 

8. To submit a report to the various governments of the 
work of the Bureau during the term covered since the meet- 
ing of the last Conference, etc. — This duty is executed in the 
Report of the Director of which this memorandum is a part. 
It was impossible to prepare this Report at an earlier date 
because the Director awaited the action of the Committee of 
the Governing Board on Program and Regulations, and also 
reports from the Pan-American Committees. The former 
have been attended to, but the latter have not been forth- 
coming except in the case of the United States, and this one 
was duly forwarded through the United States Department 
of State to the United States Delegation. 

9. To keep the records of the International American 
Conference. — This duty has been carefully executed, and the 
records of the various Conferences are kept in the files of 
the Bureau. 

Resolution in re New Building 

In regard to the resolution entitled "Building for the Interna- 
tional Bureau of American Republics," it can be said that the 
recommendations of the Conference have been carried to com- 
pletion, and the Director includes elsewhere in this report a full 
statement in regard to the magnificent new building toward which 
Mr. Andrew Carnegie was the principal donor, and which was 
dedicated on April 26th of this year. 

Resolution re Pan-American Committees 

Under the head of the resolution "Recommending the creation 
of special divisions in the Departments of Foreign Affairs, and de- 
termining their functions," the Bureau has been informed that 
Pan-American Committees have been appointed by Argentina, 
Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Salvador, Mexico, Honduras, 
Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and the United States. The govern- 
ments of Ecuador and Guatemala, the former in January. 1909, 
and the latter in June, 1909, announced that Pan-American Com- 
mittees would be appointed, but the Bureau has received no no- 
tice of such appointments. 

Resolution re Section of Commerce, etc. 

The resolution entitled "Section of commerce, customs, and 
commercial statistics" has had very careful consideration by the 
Director, and he has striven hard to carrv out the wishes of the 



65 

Conference, but he has been hampered by two important and al- 
most unsurmountable difficulties: First, the lack of sufficient 
funds to perfect the organization and employ the experts neces- 
sary for such a section; and second, the inability to secure from 
the Pan-American Committees, as defined in the resolution, the 
information and data necessary to carry out the intention of the 
resolution. While the Bureau has therefore been unable to take 
care of all the provisions of this resolution, it has done so much 
under the head of (C) in Article II that it cannot be said that 
the resolution was entirely neglected. (C) provides for "The 
greatest possible circulation of statistical and commercial data, 
and the greatest development and amplification of commercial re- 
lations between the American Republics." It can be truthfully 
asserted that great circulation of statistical and commercial data 
has been secured through the Monthly Bulletin, the special re- 
ports and the correspondence of the Bureau, which, in turn, have 
been a strong influence in amplifying the commercial relations 
among the American nations. Although, moreover, the techni- 
cal provisions of this resolution could not be carried out, the 
Director has established in the organization of the Bureau a 
division of compilation and statistics which is doing a most prac- 
tical work in the distribution of reliable information on commer- 
cial matters. 

Resolution re "Commercial Relations" 

Under the head of a resolution entitled "Commercial Rela- 
tions" the International Bureau is instructed to elaborate a 
project containing the definite bases of a contract which it may 
be advisable to conclude with one or more steamship companies 
for the establishment or maintenance of navigation lines connect- 
ing the principal ports of American Countries. The Bureau has 
made a strenuous effort in this direction, corresponding with the 
heads of steamship lines and others interested in improvement of 
conditions of communication, but it has been unable to secure 
any definite propositions upon which it could make recommenda- 
tions which would probably be approved by the American Gov- 
ernments. In view, moreover, of the attitude of the United 
States Congress on the question of subsidies, it has not been fea- 
sible for the Bureau to present a plan with which such attitude 
might be at variance, and therefore make any recommendation 
inoperative because of lack of government approval. The Direc- 
tor is glad to state, however, that at this very writing he has been 
in conference with various high officials of the United States, 
and with several capitalists, with reference to a plan for im- 
proved steamship facilities between North and South America^ 
which may result in greatly improving the present service, even 
though it does not come under the head of any subsidy law. 



66 

Resolution re "Natural Resources" 

Under tlie resolution entitled "Natural Resources" it is pro- 
vided that the Bureau should establish, as a part of its section of 
Commerce, Customs and Commercial Statistics, a special serv- 
ice division to facilitate the development of the natural 
resources, etc., of the American Republics, to gather in- 
formation to be regularly published in the Bulletins of 
the Bureau, and to submit a memoir under this reso- 
lution to the next Pan-American Conference. Although, 
as already stated, the section of Commerce, Customs and Com- 
mercial Statistics was not actually created, the Bureau has 'in a 
large measure carried out the first part of the provisions of this 
resolution. The Monthly Bulletin has been a very complete rec- 
ord of all trustworthy information obtainable on natural re- 
sources, projected public works and local conditions under which 
it is possible to obtain from the American Governments conces- 
sions of mines, lands, forests, etc. The Bureau has also provided 
much information on these subjects to the different governments. 
It has not prepared a memoir because in this respect again it did 
not have the experts, the income or the co-operation of the Com- 
mittees of the different governments necessary to get together 
sufficient data to submit a report that would have a comprehen- 
sive character. 

Resolution re "Fluctuations in Exchange" 

The resolution entitled "Fluctuations in Exchange" provided 
that the respective governments should make a study of this 
question and forward their reports to the International Bureau, 
which, in turn, would prepare a resume to be submitted to the 
next Conference. As none of the Governments complied with 
the provisions of this resolution, it was impossible for the Bureau 
to execute its duty. 

Recommendations to the Conference. 

In the light of the above statement, the Director begs to make 
certain recommendations to the Conference relative to duties that 
may be imposed upon the Bureau in the future. 

First: Some positive provision should be made by which 
the various governments will, without fail and as soon as 
possible after the adjournment of the Conference, begin to 
prepare the data for submission to the International Bureau 
which it must have in order to execute its duty. 

Second : There should be careful consideration of the ex- 
pense involved, and, if necessary, provision made that the 
governments will increase their quotas so that the work can 



67 

be cared for. A mere recommendation of the Conference 
on this point will not suffice, because, if the governments do 
not comply with the recommendation, the Bureau will not 
have the means to employ the expert labor. 

Third: It would seem advisable, in the case of each duty 
imposed on the Bureau, that some discretionary power as to 
its execution should be left with the Governing Board, con- 
sisting of the diplomatic representatives of the American 
Republics in Washington, upon whom rests the responsi- 
bility of the administration, through the Director, of the 
Bureau, and the making up of the budget of its expenses. 
After the Conference adjourns the delegates who sign the 
resolution have no more authority, and the obligation must 
rest with the Governing Board for the carrying out of the 
resolution. 

Fourth : In view, moreover, of all the responsibility rest- 
ing on the Governing Board, after the Conference adjourns, 
in caring for the administration of the Bureau, it is hoped 
that the Conference will not deem it advisable to recommend 
details in regard to the Bureau's administration, or the crea- 
tion of various sections and subdivisions, but rather leave 
anything of this kind to the Governing Board which \yill 
work out the problem of administration in the' best "way it 
can. If the Board and the Director are hampered and han- 
dicapped by-too m.any-prov-t&ion-s-of-thi^-natureT-t-lie-usef-u-lnes-s- 
of the Bureau will be greatly limited, and instead of being 
able to do certain important things well and thoroughly, it 
will be obliged to do many things without thoroughness. 



RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING THE CONFER- 
ENCE PROGRAM.* 

The first and second subjects expect no comment. 

Under the third subject the Director recommends that there 
shall be very careful consideration of the functions of the Pan- 
American Committees, and their practical relationship to their 
own foreign offices, and also to the International Bureau. This 
point is also touched upon elsewhere in this report in the con- 
sideration of the resolutions of the last Conference. 

The fourth subject is discussed elsewhere, under the head of 
"Organization of the International Bureau," and attention is par- 
ticularly and earnestly requested to its recommendations. 

In considering the fifth subject, the Conference is invited to 
read that section of this report which refers tothe new build- 
ing, and also the correspondence covering the gift of Mr. Car- 
negie, which is quoted in the Appendix. 



The official program is given in the Appendix. 




The Patio of the New Building as seen from the Entrance Corridor. 




Looking Down one or the Grand Stairways of the New Building. 



69 

The Pan-American Railway 

The Pan-American Railway, which is the sixth subject, has 
been carefully covered by a report of Honorable Henry G. Davis, 
Chairman of the Pan-American Railway Committee, and a 
delegate of the United States to the First and Second Pan- 
American Conferences. This report was submitted by him to 
the United States Delegation, which may see fit to lay it before 
the Conference. The correspondence of the Bureau shows that 
there is a remarkable growth of interest in the proposed Pan- 
American Railway, and that extensive new railroad construc- 
tion, now being planned or started in Mexico, Central America 
and Panama, will do much toward the achievement of some 
practical results in this great enterprise. The linking up of the 
Mexican with the Guatemalan system, the building of a road 
from David to Panama City in Panama, the construction of a 
short electric line at Cali in the Cauca Valley of Colombia, the 
extension of the Guayaquil-Quito road in Ecuador, the connect- 
ing of Cuzco in Peru with the line from Mollendo, the large 
amount of railroad building that has been done in Bolivia, the 
longitudinal line in Chile, and the extension of the Argentine 
system into Bolivia, supplemented by new construction in Brazil, 
Uruguay and Paraguay on the south, and plans for roads in 
Venezuela, all point unmistakably to the uniting of the American 
Republics by railroads which in time will form a part of the 
Pan-American system. 

Reference is made under a separate head of this report to 
steamship and mail service, which is the seventh subject. 

Consular Invoices and Commercial Statistics 

The eighth topic, judging from the correspondence of the 
Bureau with all parts of the world, is entitled to the most serious 
attention of the Conference. Complaints are continually being 
filed with the Bureau by the exporters and importers of every 
one of the American nations against the differences in consular 
documents and in the technical requirements of customs regu- 
lations at the different ports of the countries. If there could be 
some agreement upon the form of a consular invoice, the busi- 
ness men of every country would applaud the work of the Con- 
ference. 

In respect to census and commercial statistics, it can be said 
that there is an urgent need of more uniformity in these. The 
International Bureau is probably in a better position than any 
one government to emphasize the need of this because it is con- 
stantly receiving not only from American but from European, 
and even Asiatic governments, as well as from officials, business 



70 

men, special investigators, writers and others, inquiries for com- 
parative information, which it is ahnost impossible to answer 
properly because of the wide difterences among the republics in 
census and commercial statistics. In this connection the Direc- 
tor has to state that it has been the custom of the Bureau for a 
number of years to publish in the July number of its Monthly 
Bulletin a careful resume of trade and commercial statistics of 
all of the countries for the preceding year, each one given 
separately. Despite every effort to secure the co-operation of 
different governments, their consular officers, and others, it has 
been a herculean task to get together in satisfactory form data 
which would be both useful and reliable. 

It is now the intention of the Director at the beginning of the 
year to address a circular letter to each of the governments, en- 
closing a blank form to be filled in by the proper statistical of- 
ficer and covering the main items of foreign trade and commerce, 
each under its appropriate head as set out in the blank form. 
Identical questions will be sent to each country. By this means 
the Bureau will be better able to meet the obligations imposed 
upon it by the Conferences in publishing complete data, and this 
data will be more valuable to investigators and as an advertise- 
ment of the progress of the countries, because it will be more 
uniform. It will be of special value to students of comparative 
statistics, and may furnish a starting point for making uniform 
the publication of the statistics of the different countries. 

Sanitary Police and Quarantine 

As for the ninth subject, it can be said that the future of com- 
mercial exchange along certain portions of the West Coast of 
South America, of the Caribbean shores, and of some points 
upon the East Coast of South America, depends largely upon 
the absolute elimination of diseases wliich put vessels in quaran- 
tine. The records and the correspondence of the International 
Bureau show how large numbers of investors, business men and 
travelers have kept away from countries and ports possessing 
large resources and offering great opportunities for capital and 
commerce, simply because the sanitary conditions are discourag- 
ing. Especially is it important now, with the approaching open- 
ing of the Panama Canal, that some practical results should be 
achieved for the successful sanitation of infected ports. No 
country or port can object to such sanitation, because it will pay 
for itself many times over in the additional trade and prosperity 
which will follow. In the collection of books and reports which 
the representative of the International Bureau has taken to the 
Pan-American Conference are the reports of the various Sani- 
tary Congresses with their recommendations on this subject. 



71 
Patents, Trade-Marks and Copyrights 

The tenth subject is one of present importance to every one of 
the repubHcs, and it is to be hoped that some convention can be 
drawn up and signed v^hich will be practical and therefore readily 
approved by the majority of the governments. The Bureau is 
overwhelmed with letters from manufacturers, inventors and 
writers, not only living in the United States and Europe but in 
different Latin-American countries, asking for the specific laws 
covering patents and trade-marks and copyrights in this or that 
republic. 

The eleventh subject requires no discussion on the part of the 
Director. 

Interchange of Professors and Students 

Referring to the twelfth subject, in the exercise of its broad 
responsibilities the International Bureau, through its correspond- 
ence and through the conferences of the Director with presidents 
of universities and colleges and the heads of student organiza- 
tions, both in the United States and Latin America, has en- 
deavored to awaken interest in some plan which will lead to the 
interchange of professors and students among the universities 
and secondary schools of the American republics. There is little 
doubt in the mind of the Director that good results can be ex- 
pected if the Conference will formulate some plan which is ca- 
pable of being successfully worked out. At least a score of 
presidents of universities in the United States have expressed to 
the Bureau their willingness to co-operate in this movement, and 
corresponding encouragement has been received from the heads 
of the principal high educational institutions of Latin America. 
The number of students already coming to the United States 
from Latin-American countries is considerable, and there is a 
growing desire among students of languages, governmental, 
economic and political questions, and historical subjects, in the 
universities of the United States, to continue their studies in 
Latin-American institutions where the environment will enable 
them to enjoy the best of training and to make special investiga- 
tions. 

Reference is made to the Pan-American Scientific Congress, 
the thirteenth subject, under the head of "Central American, 
Sanitary, and Scientific Conferences." 

The fourteenth subject is considered under the head of "The 
Panama Canal and the Pan-American Conference." 

The fifteenth subject requires no recommendation from the 
Director, beyond the observation that, if a future conference 
ever meets in Washington, it will find an ideal building, in the 
new home of the Bureau, specially adapted for its sessions. 



CENTRAL AMERICAN, SANITARY, AND SCIENTIFIC 
CONFERENCES. 

One of the activities of the Bureau wliich at times during the 
last few years has demanded considerable attention on its part 
is that of co-operating in the arrangements for various confer- 
ences other than the International Conferences of American 
States. They have within their sphere much importance, and 
should be mentioned in a report of this kind. 

Central Amed-ican Conference 

In November, 1907, there met in Washington, and held its 
sessions in the rooms of the International Bureau, a Conference 
of the Central American States, attended by delegates from Costa 
Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and El Salvador, and 
also having present representatives from the United States and 
Mexico. This Conference established the Central American 
Court of Justice, with headquarters at Cartago in Costa Rica, 
and provided for the organization of an International Central 
American Bureau, which was inaugurated at Guatemala City on 
September 16, 1908, with imposing ceremonies. The Court of 
Justice at Cartago had successfully performed the duties im- 
posed upon it, and was about to move into a beautiful new 
building, for which Mr. Andrew Carnegie generously gave $100,- 
000, when it was destroyed. May 4, 1910, by the earthquake, 
which wrought extensive destruction in Costa Rica. The Inter- 
national Central American Bureau, while not conflicting with the 
older institution in Washington, was created on the same broad 
lines and principles as the International Bureau of the Ameri- 
can Republics, thus showing how the influence of this institution 
has been recognized in the development of Pan-American peace 
and friendship, and it is now doing a useful and practical work. 

International Sanitary Conferences 

The Third International Sanitary Conference of the Ameri- 
can Republics was held in the City of Mexico in the first week 
of December, 1907. There were present delegates from Brazil, 
Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Hon- 
duras, Mexico, Nicaragua, El Salvador, United States, and Uru- 
guay. The International Bureau of the American Republics 
made most of the preliminary arrangements for this Conference, 
and had charge of publishing the report thereof, which has had 
a large circulation. The Fourth International Sanitary Con- 
ference was held in San Jose, the capital of Costa Rica, in the 
last week of December, 1909, and the first week of January, 
1910. There were present delegates from Chile, Colombia, Costa 



73 

Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, 
El Salvador, United States, and Venezuela. The report of this 
Conference is now being prepared and will soon be published. 

The Pan-American Scientific Congress 

The Pan-American Scientific Congress met in Santiago, the 
capital of Chile, in the latter part of December, 1908, and the 
early part of January, 1909. This was a most successful Con- 
gress, and was attended by delegates from the majority of the 
American republics. Its deliberations were considered so im- 
portant that the Governing Board deemed it wise to incorporate 
in the program of the Fourth International Conference of the 
American Republics the consideration of a resolution referring to 
the work accomplished by it. 

There have been other international congresses which have 
been attended by delegates from many of the American Repub- 
lics, but those mentioned above are the only ones with which 
the International Bureau had an intimate association. This re- 
capitulation does not include gatherings that met prior to the 
last International Conference of Rio de Janeiro in 1906, such 
as the Customs Congress held in New York in January, 1903, 
and the Coffee Congress held in the same city in October, 1902. 



THE COLUMBUS MEMORIAL LIBRARY. 

A most useful subdivision of the International Bureau of the 
American Republics is the Columbus Memorial Library. It is 
deserving of your special interest and of your efforts to awaken 
the co-operation of your governments in making it the most com- 
prehensive and useful collection of its kind in the world. The 
Second Pan-American Conference, held in Mexico in the winter 
of 1901-2, gave it its present name as a memorial to the great 
Columbus, but its size is as yet hardly worthy of that name, 
mainly because there has been a lack of funds to purchase books, 
and a lack of help from the various governments in adding to 
the volumes upon its shelves. The total number of books and 
pamphlets now in the library is 18,727, but the fireproof stack 
room provided in the new building has space for 175,000 volumes. 
Although it is made up largely of ofificial publications of the dif- 
ferent republics, works of history, description and travel relating 
to them, it is so far from being complete in these respects that a 
special efifort should be made during the next few years to en- 
large it alone these lines. 



75 
Report of the Librarian 

The acting librarian, in his annual report, says : 

"During the year just closed the library received, from all 
sources, 2,795 volumes and pamphlets, divided as f ollovirs : 

By gift and exchange (688 volumes and 663 pamphlets), 
1,351; by purchase (122 volumes and 24 pamphlets), 146; peri- 
odicals bound during the year, 130; review books (from "Bul- 
letin") (54 volumes and 3 pamphlets), 57; duplicates (424 vol- 
umes and 687 pamphlets), 1,111; total receipts, volumes and 
pamphlets, 2,795. 

Number of volumes and pamphlets on the shelves at last re- 
port, 17,043. 

Additions during present year: 810 volumes, 687 pamphlets,. 
130 bound periodicals, 57 review books. Total, 1,684. 

Total volumes and pamphlets now in the Library, 18,727. 

These volumes and pamphlets have all been accessioned, cata- 
logued, and classified. In addition we received 196 maps, mak- 
ing a total of 846 now on file, two atlases, making a total of 60 
in the Library, 2,941 photographs from all parts of Latin Ameri- 
ca, 14 photographic albums, and 40,805 daily, weekly and monthly 
newspapers and magazines. 

In the cataloguing and indexing 6,084 cards were made, and 
476 volumes were bound during the year. 

Some of these figures, when compared to the receipts of last 
year, make a very creditable showing. For instance, we received 
9,261 more newspapers and magazines, over 2,CX)0 more photo- 
graphs, and 185 more publications were bound. The Library's 
subscription list now numbers 16. 

The loan collections of the Library were somewhat augment- 
ed by additions from Senator Elihu Root of several hundred 
volumes relating to Brazil and the Argentine Republic, and from 
Seiior Luis F. Corea, former Minister from Nicaragua, who de- 
posited 75 volumes of standard English works and reference 
books in the Libarary. 

During the year our supply of the list of books relating to the 
classifications of "History and description" became exhausted 
and a new edition was made. We also compiled a supplernent 
to this pamphlet, consisting of 34 pages, which included all titles 
under these headings received up to July 1st, 1909. The demand 
for both of these publications continues active. 

To enable the Columbus Memorial Library to properly fulfill 
the purpose for which it was established by the International 
American Conferences, it should contain all books published re- 
lating to Latin America. Even with ample funds it would neces- 
sarily take years to accumulate such a collection, but there are 
many publications which we do not have but which come within 
the present scope of the Library, are needed in the work of the 



76 

International Bureau, and might readily be obtained from second- 
hand book stores. As colleges, libraries, and private individuals 
are rapidly securing the available out-of-print publications so 
badly needed here, I have the honor to suggest that fifteen hun- 
dred dollars be set aside to be used in purchasing such books, 
and of initiating the work of making such a collection." 

Recommendation to the Conference 

I therefore have the honor to make the recommendation that 
the members of the Governing Board and the delegates to the 
Conference shall urge upon their respective governments to make 
special provision, either by statutory action or by order of the 
authorized official, which will cause each government to send 
duplicate copies of all of its official publications to the Interna- 
tional Bureau immediately upon their coming from the press. In 
that way the Columbus Memorial Library will not only become 
an international hall of records, but it will be the headquarters 
of the world for securing official and reliable information in re- 
gard to the laws, codes, statutes, and all governmental action of 
the American nations. The great possibilities of such a central 
collection are already indicated by the correspondence which the 
Bureau is receiving not only from every part of the United 
States, but from all sections of Latin America, Europe and even 
Asia, Africa and Australasia. 



HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE BUREAU. 

The International Bureau of the American Republics is the 
creature of the three International Conferences held respectively 
in Washington, D. C, 1889-90, in Mexico City 1901-02, and in 
Rio de Janeiro, 1906. It does not exist in consequence of any 
direct legislative act of the United States of America, in which it 
is located, or of any other country contributing to its support ex- 
cept only as the budgets and appropriation bills of the dififerent 
countries have provided funds for its maintenance during a period 
of twenty years. 

In the First International Conference a resolution was unani- 
mously adopted, on March 29, 1890, in the following words: 

"That the governments here represented shall unite for the establish- 
ment of an American International Bureau for the collection, tabulation, 
and publication, in the English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages, of 
information as to the productions and commerce and as to the customs 



n 

laws and regulations of their respective countries ; such bureau to be 
maintained in one of the countries for the common benefit and at the 
common expense, and to furnish to all the other countries such com- 
mercial statistics and other useful information as may be contributed to 
it by any of the American republics. That the Committee on Customs 
Regulations be authorized and instructed to furnish to the Conference 
a plan of organization and a scheme for the practical work of the pro- 
posed bureau." 

Recommendations of the First Committee 

In accordance with this resolution the Committee considered the 
matter and made certain recommendations in a report of which 
the following is a brief resume : 

(a) That there shall be formed by the countries represented in this 
Conference an association under the title of "The International Union of 
the American Republics," for the prompt collection and distribution of 
commercial information. 

(b) This Union shall be represented by a bureau established in the 
city of Washington, under the supervision of the Secretary of State of 
the United States, which bureau shall be charged with the care of all 
transactions and publications and that of all correspondence pertaining 
to the International Union. 

(c) The bureau shall be called "The Commercial Bureau of the Ameri- 
can Republics," and its organ be a publication entitled "The Bulletin of 
the Commercial Bureau of the American Republics." The Bulletin shall 
be printed in the English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages. Its con- 
tents shall consist of: (a) Customs tariffs and changes; (b) Port regula- 
tions and customs procedure; (c) Commercial and parcel post treaties; 
(d) Statistics of commerce, production, and other information of special 
interest to merchants and shippers of the represented countries. 

(d) That the represented countries shall furnish to the Bureau official 
documents and laws, statistics, etc., for publication ; that the Bureau shall 
supply information upon the subjects mentioned, to interested parties. 

(e) The maximum expense to be incurred in the establishment of the 
Bureau, and its annual maintenance, shall be $36,000. The report fur- 
nished a detailed estimate for the personnel of the Bureau, consisting of 
a Director and nine other employees, at annual salaries aggregating: 
$22,000, and for office expenses and for the publication of the Bulletin, 
$14,000; the Government of the United States to advance to the Inter- 
national Union a fund of $36,000, or so much of that amount as may be 
required for the expense of the Bureau during its first year, and a like 
sum for each subsequent year of its existence. It was provided that the 
$36,000 cost of maintaining the Bureau should be apportioned among all 
of the countries in proportion to their population, and that the assess- 
ments upon this basis, due from the Latin-American countries, should be 
returned to the United States which was to advance the full amount. 
The total of assessments for the first year embodied in the report assessed 
the United States $18,806, and the Latin-American countries $17,194. 

(f) That the Secretary of State of the United States be requested to 
organize and establish the Bureau as soon as practicable after a majority 
of the countries represented had officially signified their consent to join 
the Union. That the Union shall continue in force for ten years, and,, 
unless denounced thereafter, for successive periods of ten years. 



79 
The Report of Committee Adopted and Director Named 

The report of the Committee was unanimously adopted by the 
Conference, and a majority of the countries represented soon 
after officially notified the Secretary of State of the United 
States of their adherence to the resolution. Subsequently, all of 
the eighteen countries represented in the Conference so notified 
the Secretary of State. These countries comprised all the then 
existing American republics with the exception of the Dominican 
Republic. Subsequently the Dominican Republic joined the 
Union, as did later Cuba and Panama. This report of the Com- 
mittee adopted by the First Conference is the original charter 
of the Bureau. 

On August 26, 1890, Mr. William E. Curtis was appointed the 
first Director and instructed to organize the Bureau. This was 
done by Mr. Curtis, and the publication of the Bulletin and of 
handbooks descriptive of the countries of the Union was imme- 
diately begun. Mr. Curtis continued as Director until May 18, 
1893, when he was succeeded by Mr. Clinton Furbish, who held 
the office until March 29, 1897. 

The Bureau Made International 

In accordance with the report or fundamental charter the Bu- 
reau was under the direct control of the Secretary of State of 
the United States. In practice, it was found that this provision 
of the charter to a large extent nullified the international charac- 
ter intended to be stamped upon the Bureau by the First Con- 
ference. 

The Secretary of State of the United States, the Honorable 
Richard Olney, on April 1, 1896, called a meeting, of the diplo- 
matic representatives in Washington of the countries supporting 
the Bureau, for the purpose of a consultation regarding its af- 
fairs. At this meeting a Committee, consisting of Sehor Don 
Matias Romero, Minister of Mexico, Sefior Don Salvador Men- 
donca. Minister of Brazil, Sefior Don Jose Andrade, Minister of 
\''enezuela, Sefior Don Antonio Lazo, Minister of Guatemala, 
and Sehor Don Joaquin B. Calvo, then Charge d'Afifaires of Costa 
Rica, was appointed to draft a plan for the reorganization of the 
Bureau. On June 4, 1896, the Committee reported, recommend- 
ing the creation of an Executive Committee of five members, the 
chairman of which was to be the Secretary of State of the United 
States, and the other four members to be taken in rotation from 
the Latin-American countries. This Committe was to act as a 
board of supervision of the administration of the Bureau. The 
recommendations of this report were agreed upon, and thus be- 
came the first modification or change in the original charter. 

On March 18, 1899, at a meeting of the diplomatic represent- 
atives of the supporting countries, a further enlargement of the 



80 

plan of the original charter was agreed upon. The Executive 
Committee, consisting of the Secretary of State of the United 
States as ex officio chairman, and four representatives of the 
Latin-American countries (the four to be chosen in rotation from 
all the supporting countries), in addition to having advisory pow- 
ers was given the power to appoint the Director, Secretary and 
permanent translators of the Bureau, to fix their salaries and to 
dismiss them whenever it seemed advisable so to do. The method 
of appointment was provided by the plan then adopted and the 
duties of the Director and subordinates prescribed. 

The Executive Committee was, by the plan adopted, charged 
with the duty of general supervision and perfecting of the man- 
agement of the Bureau. This was the second change in the 
original charter and the one that, in truth, made the Bureau in- 
ternational in its character as was intended by the First Con- 
ference. 

Action of Second and Third Conferences 

At the Second Conference, which met in the city of Mexico on 
October 22, 1901, and adjourned January 31, 1902, a resolution 
was adopted on January 29, 1902, for the reorganization of the 
Bureau. In Article I of this resolution it is provided that the 
International Bureau of the American Republics shall be under 
the management of a Governing Board, which shall consist of the 
Secretary of State of the United States of America, who shall be 
its chairman, and of the diplomatic representatives of all the gov- 
ernments represented in the Bureau and accredited to the Gov- 
ernment of the United States of America. The resolution con- 
tained thirteen articles and provided in detail for the manage- 
ment of the Bureau, and conferred upon the Governing Board 
full power over its afifairs. The name of the Bureau was changed 
from "The Commercial Bureau of the American Republics" to 
"The International Bureau of the American Republics." 

The Third International Conference, which met in Rio de 
Janeiro on July 21st and adjourned August 26th, 1906, adopted 
on August 19th a resolution, signed by all of the delegates, for 
the reorganization of the Bureau. This resolution did not change 
in any particular the essentials of the resolution of Mexico City 
so far as the government, its character as an international insti- 
tution, and the work to be performed by it, was concerned. It 
did change many of the details of administration within the Bu- 
reau, and imposed upon it additional work. 

Financial Support of the Bureau 

A brief outline of the financial contributions to the Bureau by 
which it has been able to exist and continue its work, is as fol- 
lows: 



81 

In response to the resolution of the First Conference, the 
United States of America, on July 14, 1890, appropriated $36,000 
for the maintenance of the Bureau for the fiscal year ending June 
30, 1891. For the fiscal years ending June 30, 1892, 1893, and 
1894, appropriations were made by the United States of $36,000, 
$30,000, and $30,000 respectively. All of these amounts, it will 
be understood, covered the proportion of the United States and 
also advances on account of the other countries. The quotas 
from these countries, when paid, reverted to the United States. 

Beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1905, the con- 
tributions of the United States assumed a different character and 
have since been for fixed amounts irrespective of the contribu- 
tions of the other countries, and have always been in excess of 
the proportion of the United States on the basis of population. 
For the year 1895-6 this contribution was $23,000, and for the 
three years following, for each year, $28,000. Beginning with 
1898 and down to the fiscal year ending June 30, 1908, the United 
States' contribution was $36,000. For the year ending June 30, 
1909, it was $54,000; for the year ending June 30, 1910, $56,000, 
and for the year to come, ending June 30, 1911, $75,000. 

The Quotas of Latin America 

Meanwhile, the contributions of the Latin-American countries 
have always remained from the beginning and down to the com- 
ing fiscal year, ending June 30, 1911, upon the basis of a total 
fixed amount apportioned according to population, always includ- 
ing the United States in the calculation. The quotas varied from 
year to year as in the calculation was included new population 
statistics. This contribution from the Latin-American countries 
has averaged about $16,000 a year down to the fiscal year ending 
June 30, 1908. For all of these years it was calculated on a basis 
of $36,000 for all the countries, including the United States. For 
. the two vears 1908-09, and 1909-10, the basis was raised to 
$54,000. 'This made the contributions from the Latin- American 
countries $23,774.46. For the coming year the basis is raised to 
$125,000, and the proportion of the Latin-American countries 
fixed at $50,000. 

The change in the amount of contributions, largely increasing 
the sum both from the United States and from the Latin-Ameri- 
can countries, has occurred during the administration of the pres- 
ent Director. In this connection attention is called to the table 
of present quotas given in the Appendix. 



82 

The Directors of the Bureau 

Since its establishment there have been in all seven Directors 
of the Bureau, as follows : 

William E. Curtis, 1890-1893. 
Clinton Furbish, 1893-1897. 
Joseph P. Smith, 1897-1898. 
Frederic Emory, 1898-1899. 
W. W. Rockhill, 1899-1905. 
Williams C. Fox, 1905-1907. 
John Barrett, 1907 . 

IVilliam E. Curtis (1890-1893) is one of the most distinguished 
newspaper correspondents in the world and has been for a long 
time connected with the editorial stafif of the Chicago Record- 
Herald. He was executive officer of the First Pan-American 
Conference, Special Commissioner of the United States to Latin 
America, Chief of the Latin-American Department at the Chicago 
Exposition, and is now a member of the permanent Pan-Ameri- 
can Committee of the United States. 

Clinton Furbish (1893-1897), Joseph P. Smith (1897-1898), 
and Frederick Emory (1898-1899), who are now dead, were emi- 
nent publicists and held high positions in the official life of Wash- 
ington. 

William W. Rockhill (1899-1905) is one of the most experi- 
enced and best-known members of the diplomatic service of the 
United States. He is now Ambassador of that country to Rus- 
sia, and before going to St. Petersburg had served as Minister 
in China and Greece. He was also once Assistant Secretary of 
State, and he is regarded as an authority on all things Chinese 
and Oriental. 

Williams C. Fox (1905-1907) is now United States Minister to 
Ecuador, where he has been in charge of most important and 
delicate negotiations. Before that he was Consul at Brunswick, 
Germany, and for a long time connected with the staff of the In- 
ternational Bureau, representing it at both the Second Pan-Amer- 
ican Conference in Mexico and Third Conference at Rio de 
' Janeiro. 

John Barrett (1907 ), the present Director, has been 

United States Minister to Siam in Asia, and also to the countries 
of Argentina, Panama, and Colombia, respectively, in Latin 
America. He was a Delegate of the United States to the Second 
Pan-American Conference in Mexico, and Commissioner-Gen- 
eral to Foreign Nations of the St. Louis World's Fair. Mr. Bar- 
rett resigned his position as United States Minister to Colombia, 
after having been elected unanimously by the Governing Board 
of the International Bureau, to take the position of its Director 



83 

and to reorganize it in accordance with the plan adopted at the 
Third Pan-American Conference in Rio, and following the return 
-of Honorable Elihu Root, then Secretary of State, from his trip 
around South America. 

The Secretary of the Bureau, who is also Secretary of the 
Governing Board, is Mr. Francisco J. Yanes, a Venezuelan by 
birth, who has long been associated with the Bureau in respon- 
sible positions and before that had been in the diplomatic and 
consular service of Venezuela. Several other members of the 
staff holding responsible places are also Latin Americans. 



CONCLUSION. 



In bringing this report to a close the Director respectfully asks 
the indulgence of the delegates for omission of subjects which 
in their opinion should have been included, and for giving space 
■or too much attention to other subjects which from their view- 
point required no discussion. He has done the best he could 
under the circumstances, and will be most grateful for sugges- 
tions that any member of the Conference may make to him, of- 
ficially or personally, for the good of the International Bureau 
of the American Republics and for the development of Pan- 
American commerce, friendship and good understanding. 

It is no small task to be an officer of twenty-one different gov- 
■ernments and give due attention and consideration to the inter- 
ests of all. The most the Director can say is that he has labored, 
as never before in his life, in his efforts to reorganize and build 
up the Bureau so that every American Republic will not only be 
proud of it as it now exists, but desirous of continuing and im- 
proving its usefulness. Perfection of administration is an ideal 
which the Director does not expect to realize in the short time 
he may be allowed to direct the affairs of the Bureau, but he 
hopes, with the cooperation and support of all the American 
Republics, and with the official and personal concern of each 
member of his Governing Board and of each delegate of the 
Conference, to evolve such a degree of efficiency in the work of 
the Bureau that every American Republic will feel amply re- 
warded for its annual appropriation for its support and main- 
tenance. 

The directorship of the Bureau which came to the Director in 
a way which made him feel that it was his duty to accept in the 
face of other tempting opportunities in public and private life, 
and which he has continued to hold despite the fascination of 
more lucrative unofficial positions, has developed in him a respect 
and even affection for Latin-American peoples and resulted in 



84 

friendships with the members of the Governing Board and with 
other representative Latin Americans which far more than com- 
pensate any material sacrifice on his part. 

The Director, as a final word, wishes to emphasize the cordial 
co-operation, sympathy and support which he has always received 
from every Ambassador, Minister and Charge d'Affaires on the 
Governing Board. As, moreover, it is necessary for him to con- 
fer frequently in regard to the business of the Bureau with the 
Chairman of the Board, the Secretary of State of the United 
States, Mr. Knox, or, in his absence, with the Assistant Secretary 
of State, Mr. Huntington Wilson, the Director desires to mention 
the characteristic courtesy and patience with which they have 
always granted him interviews and the interest they have invari- 
ably manifested in Pan-American affairs. 

He also would specifically refer to the untiring devotion to 
his duties which the Secretary of the Bureau and of the Gov- 
erning Board, Mr. Francisco J. Yanes, has always shown, and 
to the loyalty of the other members of the staff who individual- 
ly and collectively have done their part towards its evolution 
into a powerful and practical international agency for the ad- 
vancement of Pan American peace, friendship and commerce. 

Respectfully submitted. 



John Barrett, 

Director. 



Washington, D. C, U. S. A., July 12, 1910. 




Old Building of the International Bureau of American Re- 
publics, CORNER Pennsylvania Avenue and Lafayette Square, 
Washington, D. C, Occupied for nearly Twenty Years. 



APPENDIX 



89 



GOVERNING BOARD OF THE INTERNATIONAL 

BUREAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 

June, 1910. 



United States 

Mexico 

Brazil 

Costa Rica 

Bolivia 

Argentine Republic 

Peru 
Ecuador 
Uruguay 
Guatemala 



Salvador 
Chile 

Honduras 



Mr. Philander C. Knox, Secretary of State, 

Chairman ex-ofUcio. 

Senor Don Francisco Leon de la Barra, Am- 
bassador. 

Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, Ambassador (died Jan- 
uary 13, 1910). 
Mr. R. de Lima E. Silva, Charge d' Affaires. 

Senor Don Joaquin Bernardo Calvo, Minister 

Senor Don Ignacio Calderon, Minister. 

Senor Don Epifanio Portela, Minister (absent). 
Senor Don Jacinto L. Villegas, Charge d' Af- 
faires ad interim. 

Senor Don Felipe Pardo, Minister. 

Senor Don Luis Feupe Carbo, Minister. 

Senor Doctor Luis Melian Lafinur, Minister. 

Senor Doctor Luis Toledo Herrarte, Minister 

(absent). 
Senor Don Francisco Sanchez Latour, Charge 

d'Affaires. 

Senor Don Fedp;rico Mejia, Minister (absent). 
Legation in charge of Minister of Costa Rica. 

Senor Don Anibal Cruz, Minister (absent). 
Senor Don Alberto Yoacham, Charge d'Affaires 
ad interim. 



Luis 



Lazo Arriaga, Minister 
E. Paredes, Minister on 



Panama 
Haiti 



Senor Doctor 
(absent). 

Senor General Juan 
Special Mission. 

Senor Don C. C. Arosemena, Minister. 

M. H. Pauleus Sannon, Minister (absent). 
M. Price-Mars, Charge d'Affaires ad interim. 



Venezuela 
Dominican Republic 
Colombia 
Cuba 



Senor Doctor Pedro Ezequiel Rojas, Minister. 

Senor Don Emilio C. Joubert, Minister. 

Senor Don Francisco de P. Borda, Minister. 

Senor Doctor Francisco Carrera Justiz, Min- 
ister. 

Paraguay Not represented. 

Nicaragua Not represented. 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS. 

John Barrett, The Director of the International 
Bureau of the American Republics. 

Francisco J. Yanes, Secretary of the Interna- 
tional Bureau and of the Governing Board. 



90 



PROGRAM 

OF THE 

FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 

OF THE 

AMERICAN STATES 

TO BE HELD AT 

Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic, July 10, 1910. 



I. 

The organization of the Conference. 

II. 

Commemoration of the Argentine National Centenary and of the Inde- 
pendence of the American Republics as suggested by the fact that many 
of those nations celebrate their national centenaries in 1910 and neigh- 
boring years. 

III. 

Submission and consideration of the reports of each delegation as to 
the action of their respective governments upon the Resolutions and Con- 
ventions of the Third Conference held at Rio de Janeiro in July, 1906, 
including a report upon the results accomplished by the Pan-American 
Committees and the consideration of the extension of their functions. 

IV. 

Submission and consideration of the report of the Director of the In- 
ternational Bureau of the American Republics, together with considera- 
tion of the present organization and of recommendations for the possible 
extension and improvement of its efficiency. 

V. 

Resolution expressing appreciation to Mr. Andrew Carnegie of his gen- 
erous gift for the construction of the new building of the American Re- 
publics in Washington. 

VI. 

Report on the progress which has been made on the Pan-American 
Railway since the Rio Conference, and consideration of the possibility 
of co-operative action among the American Republics to secure the com- 
pletion of the system. 



91 

VII. 

Consideration of the conditions under which the establishment of more 
rapid mail, passenger and express steamship service between the American 
Republics can be secured. 

VIII. 

Consideration of measures which will lead to uniformity among the 
American Republics in consular documents and the technical requirements 
of customs regulations, and also in census and commercial statistics. 

IX. 

Consideration of the recommendations of the Pan-American Sanitar> 
Congresses in regard to Sanitary Police and quarantine and of such ad« 
ditional recommendations as may tend to the elimination of preventable 
diseases. 

X. 

Consideration of a practicable arrangement between the American Re- 
publics covering patents, trade-marks and copyrights. 

XI. 

Consideration of the continuance of the treaties on Pecuniary Claims 
after their expiration. 

XII. 

Consideration of a plan to promote the interchange of professors and 
students among the universities and academies of the American Republics. 

XIII. 

Resolution in appreciation of the Pan-American Scientific Congress,, 
held in Santiago, Chile, December, 1908. 

XIV. 

Resolution instructing the Governing Board of the International Bureau 
of the American Republics to consider and recommend the manner in 
which the American Republics may see fit to celebrate the opening of the 
Panama Canal. 

XV. 

Future Conferences. 



Adopted by the Committee on Program November 6th and ap- 
proved by the Governing Board of the International Bureau of 
the American Republics at the meeting of November 10, 1909. 

(S) P. C. Knox, 
Chairman ex officio^ 

(S.) Francisco J. Yanes, 
Secretary. 



92 



BUDGET 1910-11. 

Estimated Receipts and Expenditures for the Fiscal Year be- 
ginning July 1, 1910, as Submitted by the Director and 
Approved by the Governing Board. 

Receipts. 

From appropriation, or quota, of the United States $75,000 

From quotas of the Latin-American Republics 50,000 

Total $125,000 

Expenditures. 

Salaries and wages of official staff, including executive officers, 
translators, statistical experts, compilers, editors of Bul- 
letin, stenographers and typewriters, mail and file clerks, 
accountants, lilDrarians, and lesser employees, including 

messengers, doorkeepers, laborers, etc $52,000 

Maintenance of new building, including engineers, firemen, clean- 
ers, coal, electric light, repairs and depreciation, based on 

careful estimate of cost of other buildings 14,500 

*MonthIy Bulletin — expenses outside of United States Govern- 
ment Printing Office — engraving, lithographing, photo- 
graphs, paper, and preparation of articles, etc 14,000 

Immediate and necessary additions to staff, including statistical 
experts, English-Spanish stenographers, and assistants in 

library 9,000 

New equipment, including desks, tables, chairs, rugs, library 
shelves, file cases, typewriting machines, addressographs, 

mimeographs, horse or motor conveyance, etc 8,000 

Publicity expenses, propaganda descriptive of the American re- 
publics, off.cial entertainment, etc 4,500 

Traveling and general expenses of representatives of Bureau in 

different countries of Latin America and the United States 4,000 
Printing outside of the United States Government Printing Office, 

covering handbooks, reports, maps, pamphlets, etc 3,500 

Carrying out work imposed on the Bureau by the Pan-American 
Conference, and attendance of representative of the Bureau 

at same 3,000 

Stationery and supplies 3,000 

Library, purchase of books, binding of newspapers, card index- 
ing, etc 2,500 

Cablegrams and telegrams 1,600 

Expressage, drayage, carriage and automobile hire 1,500 

Postage to foreign countries 750 

Flags and escutcheons 500 

Storage of exhibits, etc 150 

Miscellaneous small expenses 2,500 

Total $125,000 



*Tt is hoped that several thousand dollars will be realized this ensuing year from paid 
subscriptions for the Bulletin now required, according to the new regulations, in order to 
pay for necessary improvements in paper and material, the collection of new and useful 
commercial data, illustrations, and statistical diagrams and drawings; otherwise the item 
or amount apportioned under this head will be much too small. 



93 



QUOTAS OF THE 21 AMERICAN REPUBLICS FOR 
THE SUPPORT OF THE INTERNATIONAL BU- 
REAU OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS FOR THE 
FISCAL YEAR 1910-11 AS APPROVED BY THE 
GOVERNING BOARD. 

Population.* Quotas.f 

Argentina 5,026,913 $ 4,187.88 

Bolivia 1,816,271 1,513.12 

Brazil 16,330,216 13,604.55 

Chile 3,500,000 2,915.82 

Colombia 3,639,458 3,031.99 

Costa Rica 334,297 278.49 

Cuba 1,722,953 1,435.38 

Ecuador 1,300,000 1,083.04 

Guatemala 1,364,678 1,136.89 

Haiti 1,400,000 1,166.34 

Honduras 543,741 452.99 

Mexico 13,607,259 11,336.09 

Nicaragua 423,200 352.58 

Panama 360,542 300.39 

Paraguay 635,571 529.49 

Peru 2,971,844 2,475.86 

Repubiica Dominicana 610,000 508.19 

Salvador 1,006,848 838.79 

Uruguay 1,100,000 916.39 

Venezuela 2,323,527 1,935.73 

Total Latin America 60,017,318 $50,000,00 

JUnited States of America 90,000,000 $75,000.00 

Total Pan-America (approximate) 150,000,000 $125,000.00 



*It was impossible when the Budget was approved to secure official 
statements covering the latest figures as to population. These must be 
revised for the year 1911-12. 

fAt the rate of $833.09 per million. 

^Population estimated for 1910. 



94 

PAN-AMERICAN COMMERCE. 

Principal Latin-American Exports to the United States During 
the Calendar Year Ending December 31, 1909. 

Value, 

Articles. Dollars. 

Sugar and molasses 86,487,371 

Coffee 83,109,390 

India rubber, gutta-percha, and suljstitutes for, and manufac- 
tures of 52,696,872 

Hides and skins, other than fur skins 28,692,491 

Copper, and manufactures of 19,677,331 

Tobacco, and manufactures of 18,758,767 

Fruits and nuts 17,526,520 

Fibers, vegetable, and textile grasses, and manufactures of.... 10,340,368 
Wool, hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, and other like animals, 

and manufactures of 8,299,321 

Cocoa or cacao 4,407,812 

Lead, and manufactures of 3,850,261 

Iron and steel, and manufactures of 2,681,028 

Wood, and manufactures of 1,265,715 

Cotton, and manufactures of 1,033,184 

Furs, and manufactures of 94,693 

Miscellaneous 30,104,876 

Total exports 369,026,000 

Principal Latin-American Imports From the United States 
During the Calendar Year Ending December 31, 1909. 

Value, 

Articles. Dollars. 

Iron and steel, and manufactures of 25,374,722 

Breadstuffs 16,127,390 

Wood, manufactures of 15,159,580 

Oils 14,300,825 

Meat and dairy products 12,453,390 

Cotton, and manufactures of 10,668,504 

Leather, and manufactures of 7,324,365 

Agricultural implements and parts of 7,173,056 

Instruments and apparatus for scientific purposes 4,220,683 

Coal and coke 3,988,621 

Cars, carriages, other vehicles, and parts of 3,634,293 

Naval stores 1,910,451 

Paper, and manufactures of 1,764,569 

Fibers, vegetable, and textile grasses, manufactures of 1,266,211 

Fruits and nuts 779,003 

Copper, and manufactures of 741,412 

Paraffin, and paraffin wax 730,485 

Tobacco, and manufactures of 544,051 

Clocks and watches, and parts of 273,274 

Miscellaneous 91,841,115 

Total imports 220,276,000 



95 



CORRESPONDENCE REGARDING MR. ANDREW 
CARNEGIE'S GIFT FOR THE NEW BUILDING. 

GOVERNING BOARD OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF THE 
AMERICAN REPUBLICS. 

Correspondence and resolutions relating to the gift of Mr. Andrew 
Carnegie for the building of the International Bureau of the 
American Republics and the Columbus Memorial Library. 

Resolution of the Governing Board and letter of the Secretary of State, 
Mr. Elihu Root, to Mr. Andrew Carnegie, approved at the meeting of 
December ig, igo6. 

Whereas the Chairman of the Governing Board of the International 
Bureau of the American Republics has laid before this, the said Board, 
the following letter sent by him as chairman to Mr. Andrew Carnegie 
and has asked for the approval thereof by the Board — that is to say: 

"Department of State, 
"Washington, December 4, 1906. 

"My Dear Mr. Carnegie : Your active and efifective co-operation in 
promoting better communication between the countries of America as a 
member of the commission authorized by the Second Pan-American 
Conference held in Mexico, your patriotic citizenship in the greatest of 
American Republics, your earnest and weighty advocacy of peace and 
good will among the nations of the earth, and your action in providing 
a suitable building for the International Tribunal at The Hague em- 
bolden me to ask your aid in promoting the beneficent work of the 
Union of American Republics, which was established bj^ the Conference of 
Washington in 1889, continued by the Conference of Mexico in 1902, 
and has now been made permanent by the Conference of Rio de Janeiro 
in 1906. There is a general feeling that the Rio Conference, the South 
American journey of the Secretary of State, and the expressions of 
courtesy and kindly feeling which accompanied them have given a power- 
ful impulse to the growth of a better acquaintance between the people 
of all the American countries, a better mutual understanding between 
them, the establishment of a common public opinion, and the reasonable 
and kindly treatment of international questions in the place of isolation, 
suspicion, irritation, strife, and war. 

"There is also a general opinion that while the action of the Bureau 
of American Republics, designed to carry on this work from conference 
to conference, has been excellent so far as it has gone, the scope of the 
Bureau's work ought to be enlarged and its activity and efficiency greatly 
increased. 

"To accomplish this, a building adequate to the magnitude and dignity 
of the great work to be done is indispensable. With this view the nations 
•constituting the Union have expressed their willingness to contribute 
and some of them have contributed, and the Congress of the United States 
has, at its last session, appropriated, to the extent of $200,000, funds 
available for the purchase of a suitable site in the city of Washington. 
With this view also the Conference at Rio de Janeiro, on the 13th 
"of August, 1906, adopted resolutions looking to the establishment of a 
'permanent center of information and of interchange of ideas among 
the Republics of this Continent as well as a building suitable for the 



96 

library in memory of Columbus,' and expressed the hope that 'before 
the meeting of the next International American Conference the Interna- 
tional Bureau of American Republics shall be housed in such a way 
as to permit it to properly fulfill the important functions assigned to it 
by this conference.' 

"Those functions are, in brief, to give efifect to the work of the con- 
ference ; to carry out its resolutions ; to prepare the work of the future 
conferences; to disseminate through each American country a knowledge 
of the affairs, the sentiments and the progress of every other American 
country; to promote better communication and more constant intercourse; 
to increase the interaction among all the Republics of each upon the 
others in commerce, in education, in the arts and sciences, and in political 
and social life, and to maintain in the city of Washington a headquarters, 
a meeting place, a center of influence for the same peaceful and enlight- 
ened thought and conscience of all America. 

''I feel sure of your hearty sympathy in the furtherance of this un- 
dertaking, so full of possibilities for the peace and the prosperity of 
America and of mankind, and I appeal to you in the same spirit that has 
actuated your great benefactions to humanity in the past to provide for 
the erection, upon the site thus to be supplied by governmental action, 
a suitable building for the work of the union, the direction and control 
of which has been imposed by our respective Governments upon the Gov- 
erning Board, of which I have the honor to be Chairman. 

"With great respect and esteem, I am, my dear Mr. Carnegie, 

"Very sincerely yours, 

"Elihu Root, 
"Secretary of State and cx-oMcio Chairman of the Governing 
Board of the Bureau of American Republics. 

"Andrew Carnegie, Esq., 
"New York City." 

Now, therefore, be it resolved that the action of the Secretary of State, 
as Chairman of this Board, in sending the aforesaid letter be, and it 
hereby is, approved. 

Mr. Carnegie to Mr. Root. 

New York, January 1, 1907. 
Hon. Elihu Root, 

Secretary of State and ex-oiRcio Chairman of the Governing Board 
of the Bureau of American Republics, Washington, D. C. 

Dear Sir : I am greatly pleased that you and your colleagues of the 
Latin-American Republics have done me the honor to suggest that I 
might furnish a suitable home in Washington for the Bureau of Ameri- 
can Republics. 

The approval of your application by the Governing Board of the In- 
ternational Bureau and President Roosevelt's hearty expressions of satis- 
faction are most gratifying. 

You very kindly mention my membership of the first Pan-American 
Conference and advocacy of the Pan-American Railway, the gaps of 
which are being slowly filled. The importance of this enterprise im- 
presses itself more and more upon me, and I hope to see it accomplished. 

I am happy, therefore, in stating that it will be one of the pleasures 
of my life to furnish to the Union of all the Republics of this hemisphere 
the necessary funds ($750,000) from time to time as may be needed for 
the construction of an international home in Washington. 



97 

The co-operation of our own Republic is seen in the appropriation of 
funds by Congress _ for the purchase of the site, and in the agreement 
between the Republics for the maintenance of the Bureau we have addi- 
tional evidence of co-operation, so that the forthcoming American Temple 
of Peace will be the joint work of all of the Republics. Every genera- 
tion should see them drawing closer together. 

It is a cheering thought that all these are for the first time to be 
represented at the forthcoming Hague Conference. Henceforth they are 
members of that body, whose aim is the settlement of international dis- 
putes by that "High Court of Nations" or other similar tribunal. 

I beg to express to each and all of them my heartfelt thanks for being 
permitted to make such a New Year's gift as this. I have never felt 
more keenly than I do this New Year's morning how much more 
blessed it is to give than to receive, and I consider myself highly honored 
by being considered worthy to provide the forthcoming union a home, 
where the accredited representatives of all the Republics are to meet and, 
I trust, to bind together their respective nations in the bonds of unbroken 
peace. 

Very truly, yours, 

Andrew Carnegie. 

The President to Mr. Carnegie. 

The White House, 
Washington, January 2, 1907. 

My Dear Mr. Carnegie: I am so much pleased at learning from 
Secretary Root what you are going to do for the Bureau of American 
Republics. You have already done substantially the same thing for the 
cause of peace at The Hague. This new gift of yours has an almost, 
or quite, equal significance as far as the cause of peace in the Western 
Hemisphere is concerned, for the Bureau of American Republics is 
striving to accomplish for this hemisphere what The Hague Peace Tri- 
bunal is striving to accomplish for both hemispheres. I thank you heartily. 

Wishing you many happy New Years, believe me, sincerely yours, 

Theodore Roosevelt. 

Resolutions approved by the Governing Board of the International Bureau 
of the American Republics at the meeting of January 30, 1907. 

Resolved, That the letter of Mr. Andrew Carnegie to the Chairman 
of the Board, dated January 1, 1907, be receievd and filed and spread 
upon the minutes of the Board. 

Resolved, That the Governing Board of the Bureau of American Re- 
publics express to Mr. Andrew Carnegie its acceptance and grateful 
appreciation of his generous and public-spirited engagement to supply the 
funds for the proposed new building for the Union of American Re- 
publics. The Board shares with Mr. Carnegie the hope that the insti- 
tution whose work will thus be promoted may further the cause of 
peace and justice among nations and the sincere and helpful friendship 
of all the American Republics for each other. 

Resolved, That the Chairman of the Board communicate a copy of 
the foregoing resolutions to Mr. Carnegie. 

The Governing Board of the International Bureau of the American 
Republics further resolves : 

1. That the letter of the Honorable the Secretary of State, Mr. Elihu 
Root, to Mr. Andrew Carnegie ; the answer of this distinguished phi- 
lanthropist, and the resolution of the Governing board accepting this splen- 
did gift be kept on file with the important documents of the Bureau ; and 



98 

2. That the text of these letters and the resolutions thereon be ar- 
tistically engrossed under the title of "Carnegie's Gift to the Interna- 
tional Bureau of the American Republics," and, properly framed, to 
form a part of the exhibit of the Bureau at the Jamestown Tercentennial 
Exposition. 

*PROPOSED CONVENTION FOR BUREAU. 

Proposed or tentative articles for a convention (or resolution) 
covering the reorganization of the International Bureau of the 
American Republics under the name of "The Pan-American 
Union," as originally drafted for a working copy and given to 
the Director unofficially by the late Ambassador of Brazil, Mr. 
Joaquim Nabuco, and later revised by the Department of State 
of the United States. 

The Governments of the Argentine Republic, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Co- 
lombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Haiti, 
Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Salvador, the 
United States, Uruguay and Venezuela desiring to put on a more per- 
manent basis the International Bureau of the American Republics created 
by the First International Conference of American States, and confirmed 
by the Second and Third Conferences, have resolved to conclude a con- 
vention to that end and for that purpose, having as their plenipotentiaries: 
(Here follow the names of the Governments and their plenipotentiaries.) 
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full 
powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon the following 
articles : 

Article I. The organization of the American Republics, holding from 
time to time international conferences, shall continue to be known as 
"The International Union of the American Republics." The office of the 
International Union of the American Republics, heretofore known as 
"The International Bureau of the American Republics," shall hereafter 
be styled "The Pan-American Union," and it shall continue to have its 
headquarters in the City of Washington, United States of America. 

Art. II. The duties of the Pan-American Union shall be: (a) To 
keep the records and archives of the conferences; (b) to assist in ob- 
taining the ratification of the resolutions and conventions of the confer- 
ences and to execute the obligations which are imposed upon it by such 
resolutions and conventions; (c) to prepare the programs and rules for 
future conference; (d) to compile and distribute information and reports 
concerning the commercial, industrial, agricultural, educational and gen- 
eral conditions and progress of the American countries; (e) to develop 
commerce and trade, to foster close acquaintance and association, and 
to promote the mutual welfare and peaceful relations of these nations; 
and (f) to perform such other duties as may be directed by the con- 
ferences, and by its Governing Board hereinafter described. 

Art. III. The control and direction of the affairs of the Pan-American 
Union shall rest in a Governing Board consisting of the duly accredited 
diplomatic representatives of the other American governments to the 
government of the United States at Washington and of the Secretary of 
State of the United States who shall be Chairman ex officio, provided, 
however, that, in case of breach of diplomatic relations between the United 
States of America and any other American government, the representa- 
tive of that government may authorize any other member of the Govern- 
ing Board to serve in his stead. 



*This proposed convention for the Bureau is given here as a possible 
basis of a convention and not as an official draft. 



99 

Art. IV. The Pan-American Union shall be maintained through an- 
nual quotas paid into its treasury, or placed to its credit or order, not 
later than July 1st of each year, each Government paying as its quota 
such a proportion of the estimated expenses of the Union as its popula- 
tion bears to the population of all the American countries. These quotas 
shall be fixed by the Governing Board in accordance with the estirAates 
to be submitted by its executive officer not later than November 1st of the 
preceding year, and approved for each Government by its representative 
on the Governing Board. 

Art. V. The officers of the Pan-American Union shall consist of a 
Director-General, an x\ssistant Director, who shall also serve as Secre- 
tary of the Governing Board, and such other officers as the Governing 
Board upon the recommendation of the Director-General shall deem 
necessary. The Director-General and the Assistant Director shall be 
elected by the Governing Board and the tenure of their office shall con- 
tinue at the pleasure of the Governing Board. The other officers and 
employees shall be appointed by the Director-General, subject to the ap- 
proval of the Governing Board, under such rules as the Governing Board 
shall adopt. The Director-General shall have the personal rank of Envoy 
Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary and on ceremonial occasions 
may take precedence among the diplomatic officers of American Republics 
with, but after, chiefs of mission. The Assistant Director shall have cor- 
respondingly the personal rank of Secretary of Legation. 

Art. VI. The administrative and executive direction of the Pan- 
American Union shall rest in the Director-General who in turn shall be 
responsible to the Governing Board, and he shall formulate general rules 
for such administration which shall be subject to the approval of the 
Governing Board. All rules and regulations adopted by previous Con- 
ferences and inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed. 

Art. VIT. The Director-General shall annually, at such time as may be 
designated by the Board of Governors, submit at a regular session of the 
Board for the approval of the Board, a detailed budget of the estimated 
expenses of the following year; and the Governing Board shall elect from 
am.ong its members persons who shall constitute a committee to examine 
into and pass upon any expenditure other than those approved of in the 
annual budget, and upon their approval of such expenditures the Secre- 
tary of State of the United States of America as President e.v officio of 
the Board may, upon their recommendation, draw his requisition for the 
payment of the same, and the said Committee shall at stated periods to 
be fixed by the Board of Governors audit all accounts for the expenditure 
of money for the purpose of meeting the expenses of the Union and 
shall certify to their correctness. 

Art. VIII. All the official correspondence and publications of the Union 
shall be carried free of charge by the mails of the American Republics. 

Art. IX. The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible 
and the instrument of ratification in each case shall be deposited with the 
Secretary of State of the United States of America, who shall give in 
writing formal notification of such deposit to each of the signatory Gov- 
ernments. In the event of any Government wishing to withdraw from 
the Union and this Convention it may do so by giving formal notice of 
such intention to the Secretary of State of the United States of America 
two years in advance; and the Secretary of State of the United States 
of America shall communicate such notice to the Governments of the 
Union and to its Governing Board. Any American Government not sign- 
ing the Convention may adhere thereto at any time by notifying the Secre- 
tary of State of the United States of America and by depositing with 
the Government of the United States of America its act of adhesion. 
The Secretary of State of the United States of America shall duly forward 
to the Governments of the Union notification of such adhesion. Any signa- 
tory Government which may withdraw from the Union may be rein- 
stated therein by taking the course prescribed for adhering governments. 



100 



In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries have signed this 
Convention and afifixed thereto their seals. 

Done at the City of Buenos Aires this day of in 

one original in the languages, which 

shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States 

of America, and duly certified copies of which shall be sent by that Gov- 
ernment to all the Governments of the Union. 



DEDICATORY ADDRESSES. 

The following addresses given in order of speaking were de- 
livered by the President of the United States, the Secretary of 
State and Chairman ex-officio of the Governing Board, the 
Mexican Ambassador, Cardinal Gibbons, Senator Elihu Root, 
Mr. Andrew Carnegie, Bishop Harding, Director Barrett and Al- 
bert Kelsey, on the occasion of the dedication of the new build- 
ing of the International Bureau of American Republics, Wash- 
ington, D. C, U. S. A., April 26, 1910. 

Invocation of Cardinal Gibbons. 

Director Barrett first introduced Cardinal Gibbons who deliv- 
ered the following invocation: 

We pray Thee, O God of might, wisdom and justice, through whom 
authority is rightly administered, laws are enacted, and judgment decreed, 
assist with Thy Holy Spirit of counsel and fortitude the President of 
these United States, that his administration may be conducted in right- 
eousness and may be eminently useful to Thy people over whom he pre- 
sides, by encouraging due respect for virtue and religion,^ by a faithful 
execution of the laws in justice and mercy, and by restraining vice and 
immorality. Let the light of Thy divine wisdom direct the deliberations 
of Congress and shine forth in all their proceedings and laws framed for 
our rule and government, so that they may tend to the preservation of 
peace, the promotion of national happiness, the increase of industry, 
sobriety, and useful knowledge, and may perpetuate to us the blessings 
of equal liberty. 

We recommend likewise to Thy unbounded mercy all our brethren and 
fellow-citizens throughout the United States, that they may be blessed 
in the knovv'ledge and sanctified in the observance of Thy most holy law, 
that they may be preserved in tmion and in that peace which the world 
can not give, and after enjoying the blessings of this life, be admitted to 
those which are eternal. Grant, O Lord, that this temple, consecrated to 
international peace, may be an enduring monument of the concord and 
friendship that will subsist between our own beloved country and the 
sister Republics of the Western Hemisphere. And grant that the Gospel 
of the Prince of Peace may so far sway the minds and hearts of rulers 
and cabinets that henceforth all international disputes may be adjusted, 
not on the field of battle, but in the halls of conciliation, not by stand- 
ing armies, but by boards of arbitrators, not by the sword, but by the 
pen and voice of wisdom which are mightier than the sword. 



101 
Address of Secretary Knox. 

Hon. Philander C. Knox. Secretary of State of the United 
States and Chairman ex-officio of the Governing Board, said: 

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : I feel that I am especially 
privileged in taking part in the auspicious ceremony of the dedication 
of the building to be devoted to the cause of peace and good will be- 
tween the Republics of America. It is more than a privilege, it is a 
duty incumbent on me to voice the sympathy of the United States in 
the great work which it is the mission of the International Bureau of 
the American Republics to accomplish, and to give renewed assurance, 
if such be needed, of the earnest and unselfish purpose of the Govern- 
ment and people of the United States to do all that lies within their 
power toward the fulfillment of the high task set before you. 

The great movements of the people of the earth looking to closer as- 
sociation and truer kinship are often slow of realization. Such move- 
ments spring from within. They are not arbitrarily imposed by outward 
forces. Their primary impulse is the growing conviction of neighbor- 
ing communities that the development and prosperity of each is in har- 
mony with the advancement of the rest and that between peoples of 
the same ideals, living under the same political conditions and sharing 
in a common environment, there is a certain sentiment of unity which 
moves them to closer intimacy. The growth and fruition of that senti- 
m.ent is the work of time, of centuries, perhaps. Rarely has the 
seed been sown and the tree matured within the lifetime of a single 
generation. 

The movement in whose confirmation we take part to-day has been 
exceptionally favored. The reason of its marvelous fertility of develop- 
ment is not far to seek. The soil was prepared a century ago when the 
colonists of Spanish America established free communities from the Rio 
Grande to Cape Horn, following their northern brethren of the United 
States, and the peoples of that vast domain, from being dependents of a 
common motherland, became fellow-workers in the building up of a 
scheme of kindred sovereignties. As historical eras are computed those 
sovereignties are yet young. It is a happy coincidence that at this very 
time they are commemorating the independence they won a hundred 
years ago. 

Many of those among tis were witnesses of the birth of the Pan- 
American idea in the First International Conference of American Re- 
publics held in this capital twenty years ago. We have watched its 
growth year by year with ardent solicitude. From the first the people 
of the United States, through their Government and Congress, have lent 
hearty and effective aid to the great enterprise. The representatives of 
all the Republics of the West have met, in cordial harmon3^ under the 
international Pan-American banner, as the honored guests of the Ameri- 
can Union ; and this nation, in turn, never unmindful of the sacred 
duties of a host, has taken part as a simple co-laborer in the tasks of the 
great body politic which has been created by the concurrent efforts of 
all. It is a logical consequence of that dual relationship that the home 
of the International Bureau, in which we are to-day assembled, is the 
gift in a large part of a citizen of the United States to all the peoples 
of the Western Republics, and that we of the United States, in common 
with our Pan-American brethren, accept that noble gift, firm in the con- 
viction that it will be a worthy instrument toward the attainment of the 
high aims of the International Bureau, and, with devout hearts, we sup- 
plicate the Giver of all Good that the efforts of our association may be 
thrice blessed and through its influence the nations of Pan-America may, 
year by year, be brought into closer accord and more benevolent com- 
munity of interests. 



102 

Address by Director Barrett. 

The Director of the International Bureau, Mr. John Barrett,, 
said: 

About three years ago the architects of the United States were invited 
to submit competitive plans for this structure. Seventy-seven individuals 
and firms responded. The Committee of Award, aside from Mr. Root, 
then Secretary of State, and hence chairman ex officio of the Governing: 
Board of the International Bureau, and myself as the Director, was 
elected by the competing architects, and consisted of Charles F. McKim,. 
Henry Hornbostle, and Austin W. Lord, three of the most eminent men 
in the profession. Mr. Robert Bacon, then Assistant Secretary of State, 
and Mr. F. D. Millet, also assisted in the discussion of plans. After 
three days of most painstaking study the jury unanimously selected the 
set of drawings of which the present building is the evolution. They 
found, on opening the accompanying sealed envelope, that the successful 
competitors were Albert Kelsey and Paul P. Cret, of Philadelphia. The 
contract with them was signed in June, 1907. They devoted the fol- 
lowing six or seven months to revision and improvement of their plans. 
In March, 190S, the contract for construction was awarded to Norcross 
Brothers, of Worcester, Massachusetts. The cornerstone was laid just 
two years ago on the 11th of next May by President Roosevelt, while the 
other participants in the programme included Secretary of State Elihu 
Root, Ambassador Nabuco, of Brazil, Cardinal Gibbons, Mr. Andrew 
Carnegie, and Bishop Cranston. 

Since then the work has proceeded without a day's cessation until now 
we ask your presence to assist in the dedication of the completed 
structure twenty-three months and fifteen days after the laying of the 
cornerstone. 

You are all aware of the generosity of Mr. Carnegie, who contributed' 
$750,000 for its erection and so made such an elaborate but practical struc- 
ture possible, but as a matter of record I would state that the United 
States Government appropriated $200,000 with which this beautiful and 
commanding site, covering five acres at the junction of the White Lot and 
Potomac Park, was purchased. The other 20 American Republics con- 
tributed a little over $50,000, which has been used in general expenses. 
The entire property therefore represents an invstment of $1,000,000 in 
the cause of Pan-American peace, friendship and commerce. 

With the responsibility, resting directly upon me as the executive officer 
of the Bureau to push forward the construction of the building, I wish 
to emphasize that my own efforts would have failed if I had not always 
been aided by the wise advice, warm support, and sincere co-operation of 
Mr. Root. This building is in a sense his child and I have acted as nurse. 
The members of the Governing Board, consisting of the Latin-American 
diplomats in Washington and the Secretary of State of the United States, 
have also shown an interest which has been encouraging and helpful. The 
architects, Mr. Kelsey and Mr. Cret, have given far more time and at- 
tention to the building than their contract demanded, and have always 
manifested a personal concern for its success as a temple of Pan-Ameri- 
canism. The contractors, Norcross Brothers, of Worcester, Massachu- 
setts, have shown a marked desire to comply with our wishes and to- 
respond to our suggestions for changes. They should have joint pride 
with us in its successful completion. The Superintendent of Construction, 
Mr. James Berrall, has given faithful and undivided attention to his 
duties. The sculptors, including Gutzon Borglum, Isidore Konti, Sally- 
James Farnham, Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, Solon Borglum, Herbert 
Adams, Chester Beach, Rudulph Evans, and Robert Aitken, have all givers 



103 

us the best of their skill, while we feel grateful to the principal subcon- 
tractors for always doing their best to make this a unique edifice of a 
great capital. Nor do I forget Mr. William R. Smith, Superintendent of 
the Botanical Garden, who has generously provided for our patio an 
abundance of rare varieties of tropical flora. 

While this building is admittedly beautiful and striking in architecture, 
the impression must not be carried away that it has not abundant and 
practical office space. It possesses large, well-lighted, and sanitary rooms 
for double the staff or working force which it now employs, and it is 
arranged and equipped with every modern convenience for the efficiency 
and health of its occupants and the dispatch of public business. It has all 
the facilities of a modern office building, set, however, in an unconven- 
tional and attractive environment. In short, it comprises, possibly more 
than all the public buildings in Washington, the useful and the pleasing — 
a most appropriate condition for housing an institution which has about it 
so much that is alike practical and sentimental. 

I will now mention a few facts not generally appreciated in regard to 
the actual scope and work of the institution. 

The International Bureau of the American Republics is the only official 
international organization upon the Western Hemisphere. It is in no sense 
a subordinate bureau of the United States or of any other iGovernment, 
except that it is equally subordinate to all. Its control rests in a Govern- 
ing Board composed of the diplomatic representatives in Washington of 
the American Republics, and having as its chairman ex oMcio the Secre- 
tary of State of the United States. Its chief administrative officer is the 
Director, who is elected by the vote of this Governing Board and not ap- 
pointed by the President of the United States. He is, therefore, in every 
respect, an international officer. The funds for the maintenance of the 
Bureau come from all the Governments, with each country appropriating 
or contributing a sum in the proportion that its population holds to the 
entire population of the American Republics. 

The chief object and purpose of the International Bureau, expressed 
most briefly, is, on the moral and sentimental side, to develop mutual ac- 
quaintance, better understanding, lasting friendship, peace, and good will, 
and, on the material side, to develop the largest possible exchange of 
commerce and trade, industrial prosperity, and economic progress among 
all the American Republics. In both respects it is accomplishing practical 
and far-reaching results, even though at times there may be some clouds 
upon the horizon of the vast field which it includes. 

It was established twenty years ago, at the First International Confer- 
ence of American Nations, called upon the initiative of James G. Blaine, 
and held in this city. It was reorganized, enlarged, and given new life 
by the Third Conference, held at Rio Janeiro and attended by Elihu Root 
in 1906. In the following January the present Director took charge and 
has therefore administered the affairs of the Bureau for a little more than 
three years. 

As illustrating the practical growth and useful work of the Bureau, a 
survey of these three years shows that its correspondence with all of the 
world has in that period increased nearly 600 per cent, while it distributed 
in 1909 some 450,000 pieces of printed matter, all in response to specific 
requests, in contrast to only 60,000 in 1906. Three years ago, only 10 per 
cent of the membership of both Houses of Congress utilized the Bureau 
in any form; last year 97 per cent made some use of it. In 1906 the 
United States Congress appropriated $36,000 as the United States quota 
for its support; this year it appropriated $75,000, and the other 20 Re- 
publics have made corresponding increases in their quotas; and yet every 
dollar is needed to care for the Bureau's growing tasks and broadening 
responsibilities. 



104 

Its Monthly Buixktin, devoted to receiving and spreading informa- 
tion about the progress, resources, possibilities, and characteristics of the 
American Nations, which had little bona fide actual circulation in 1906, is 
now experiencing such popularity that the demand for it can only be met 
in small part. The Bureau also issues from time to time special reports, 
handbooks, circulars, and maps for which there is a large and increasing 
call. Its library, numbering some 18,000 volumes and known as the Co- 
lumbus Memorial Library, contains an excellent collection of books, pam- 
phlets, official documents, newspapers, etc., descriptive and representative 
of the American peoples and nations. 

The stafif of the Bureau is made up of expert translators, statisticians, 
compilers, clerks and stenographers, all of whom are loyally interested in 
its broad international work; and the Director desires to take advantage 
of this opportunity to express his gratitude to all persons employed in the 
Bureau from the highest to the lowest position for the co-operation they 
have given him in his administration and in the extra work demanded by 
the rapid growth of the institution and the building of this new structure. 
Especially does he wish to thank Mr. Francisco J. Yanes, his scholarly and 
sympathetic first assistant, who is the efficient Secretary of the Interna- 
tional Bureau and of the Governing Board, and Mr. Franklin Adams, the 
Acting Chief Clerk, who has labored effectively for the improvement of 
the Monthly Bulletin. 

Address of Mr. Albert Kelsey. 

Mr. Kelsey, of the firm of Albert Kelsey and Paul P. Cret, 
associate architects, said : 

Mr. President, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : On behalf of 
my partner, Mr. Cret, and for myself, I wish first of all to acknowledge 
our deep sense of obligation to Director Barrett and Senator Root for 
their uniform courtesy and generous co-operation, since it is largely be- 
cause of their generous co-operation and patient courtesy that we can 
truthfully say that this building has been designed and executed under 
absolutely ideal conditions. 

They appreciated the advisability of giving us plenty of time in which to 
develop our design. They did not insist upon the employment of the low- 
est bidder, but accepted our recommendation, whereby Messrs. Norcross 
Brothers, of Worcester, Massachusetts, were employed as the contractors 
(whose honest work we take much pleasure in now testifying has since 
fully justified our faith in them) ; and lastly, Mr. Barrett and Mr. Root 
have been patient and sympathetic clients. 

In support of this assertion, I wish to repeat one of Senator Root's 
comments, and it can not be too often repeated, far and wide, for the 
advancement of architecture. I went to Director Barrett and Senator 
Root apologetically for that abomination of abominations, an extra; but 
before I had completely clinched my argument Senator Root interrupted 
me and said: "Mr. Kelsey, an architect who does not change and im- 
prove his work as it progresses, and who does not ask for extras for 
such changes and improvements, must be dead." It has been in this spirit 
that we have been encouraged and helped from start to finish. 

Now, just a few words about the building itself. After the general dis- 
position of parts had been settled, and after the proportions of the exterior 
and the interior had been determined, we set about to try and give ex- 
pression to the building, to make it significant and interesting. 

The front elevation was to interpret the two grand geographical 
divisions of the Pan-American Union, and in the carrving out of this 



105 

thought we have been ably seconded by Mr. Gutzon Borglum and Mr. 
Isidore Konti, who have depicted in their colossal groups the spirit of 
modern progress now animating North and South America, respectively; 
then, wherever we could find a chance we have tried to recall the Spanish, 
Portuguese, P>ench, and English origins of the people constituting this 
Union, while in the patio, pavement, and fountain we have attempted to 
recall something of the mystery of that strange twilight time in American 
history which still baffles the savants of the world. I refer to the ad- 
vanced civilizations of the early Peruvians, the Mayans, the Zapotecans, 
the Toltecs, and the Aztecs. And even here, in this spacious Hall of the 
Republics, up between the metopes, we have reproduced the feathered 
serpent of Uxmal — a symbol as familiar to archaeologists as the scarab of 
Egypt. But over and above all significant ornament and detail, on the 
front elevation, are the birds of North and South America regarding one 
another with expressions of mutual admiration, confidence, and respect. 

Address of Senator Root. 

Senator Elihu Root said : 

I am sure that this beautiful building must produce a lively sense of 
grateful appreciation from all who care for the growth of friendship 
among Americans ; to Mr. Carnegie, not merely for his generous gift, but 
for the large sympathy and far vision that prompted it; and to the as- 
sociate architects, Mr. Albert Kelsey and Mr. Paul Cret, who, not content 
with making this structure express their sense of artistic form and propor- 
tion, have entered with the devotion and self-absorption of true art into 
the spirit of the design for which their bricks and marble are to stand 
They have brought into happy companionship architectural suggestions of 
the North and of the South; and have wrought into construction and 
ornament in a hundred ways the art, the symbolism, the traditions, and the 
history of all the American Republics ; and they have made the building 
a true expression of the Pan-Americanism of open mind and open heart 
for all that is true and noble and worthy of respect from whatever race 
or religion or language or custom in the western continents. 

Nor should we forget the fine enthusiasm and understanding with which 
Mr. Borglum and Mr. Konti, and Mrs. Farnham, and Mrs. Whitney 
have brought sculpture to aid the architects' expression ; nor the honest 
and faithful work of Mr. Norcross, the builder; nor the kind help of 
Mr. William Smith, of the Botanical Garden, who has filled the patio 
with tropical plants rare and strange to northern eyes, but familiar 
friends to the Latin American ; nor the energy and unwearying labors 
of Mr. Barrett, the Director of the Bureau. 

The active interest of President Taft and Secretary Knox is evidence 
that the policy of Pan-American friendship reinaugurated by the sympa- 
thetic genius of Secretary Blaine is continuous and permanent in the 
United States; and the harmony in which the members of the Governing 
Board have worked to this end is a good omen for the future. 

This building is to be in its most manifest utilitarian service a con- 
venient instrument for association and growth of mutual knowledge 
among the people of the different Republics. The library maintained 
here, the books and journals accessible here, the useful and interesting 
publications of the Bureau, the enormous correspondence carried on with 
seekers for knowledge about American countries, the opportunities now 
afforded for further growth in all those activities, justify the pains and 
the expense. 



106 

The building is more important, however, as the symbol, the ever- 
present reminder, the perpetual assertion of unity of common interest 
and purpose and hope among all the Republics. This building is a con- 
fession of faith, a covenant of fraternal duty, a declaration of allegiance 
to an ideal. The members of The Hague Conference of 1907 described 
the Conference in the preamble of its great Arbitration Convention as — 

"Animated by the sincere desire to w^ork for the maintenance of 
general peace. 

"Resolved to promote by all the efforts in their power the friendly 
.settlement of international disputes. 

"Recognizing the solidarity uniting the members of the society of 
civilized nations. 

"Desirous of extending the empire of law and of strengthening the ap- 
preciation of international justice." 

That is the meaning of this building for the Republics of America. 
That sentiment which all the best in modern civilization is trying to live 
up to, we have written here in marble for the people of the American 
Continents. 

The process of civilization is by association. In isolation, men, com- 
munities, nations, tend back toward savagery. Repellant differences and 
dislikes separate them from mankind. In association, similarities and 
attractions are felt and differences are forgotten. There is so much more 
good than evil in men that liking comes by knowing. We havehere the 
product of mutual knowledge, co-operation, harmony, friendship. Here 
is an evidence of what these can accomplish. Here is an earnest of what 
may be done in the future. From these windows the Governing Board 
of tlie International Union will look down upon the noble river that 
flows by the home of Washington. They will sit beneath the shadow 
of the simple and majestic monument, which illustrates our conception 
of his character, the character that, beyond all others in human history, 
rises above jealousy and envy and ignoble strife. All the nations ac- 
knowledge his pre-eminent influence. He belongs to them all. No man 
lives in freedom anywhere on earth who is not his debtor and his fol- 
lower. We dedicate this place to the service of the political faith in 
which he lived and wrought. Long may this structure stand, while 
within its walls and under the influence of the benign purpose from which 
it sprang, the habit and the power of self-control, of mutual considera- 
tion and kindly judgment, more and more exclude the narrowness and 
selfishness and prejudice of ignorance and the hasty impulses of super- 
sensitive amour-propre. May men hereafter come to see that here_ is 
set a milestone in the path of American civilization toward the reign 
of that universal public opinion which shall condemn all who through 
contentious spirit or greed or selfish ambition or lust for power disturb 
the public peace, as enemies of the general good of the American Re- 
publics. 

One voice that should have spoken here to-day is silent, but many of 
us can not forget or cease to mourn and to honor our dear and noble 
friend, Joaquim Nabuco. Ambassador from Brazil, Dean of the Ameri- 
can Diplomatic Corps, respected, admired, trusted, loved, and followed 
by all of us, he was a commanding figure in the international movement 
of vv^hich the erection of this building is a part. The breadth of his 
political philosophy, the nobility of his idealism, the prophetic vision of 
his poetic imagination, were joined to wisdom, to the practical sagacity 
of statesmanship, to a sympathetic knowledge of men, and to a heart as 
sensitive and tender as a woman's. He followed the design and construc- 
tion of this building with the deepest interest. His beneficent influence 
impressed itself upon all of our actions. No benison can be pronounced 
upon this great institution so rich in promise for its future as the wish 
that his ennobling memory may endure and his civilizing spirit may con- 
trol, in the councils of the International Union of American Republics. 



107 

Address of the Mexican Ambassador. 

The Mexican Ambassador, Seiior Don Francisco L. de la 
Barra, said : 

This is a great day for our America, when the might of right, gather- 
ing its scattered forces, gives a tangible form to a noble ideal, strength- 
ens a useful institution, and tenders a new token of hope and encourage- 
ment to those who struggle for the mastery of peace, justice, and love. 

The presence on this solemn occasion of the illustrious President of the 
United States, who has had the kindness to accept the invitation that the 
Governing Board of the International Bureau of American Republics 
had the honor to send him, is significant of the importance which the 
American Government and people attach to the victory won this day, 
a victory whose high moral meaning makes us forget for a moment 
the disappointments in our daily strife and gives us courage to go on 
working, believing, and hoping, as though we lived in the midst of an 
ideal humanity, far above all destructive passions. 

The Latin Republics of this hemisphere who so cordially accepted the 
idea of erecting the building we dedicate to-day share — as shown by 
this act — in the fraternal sentiment of the American people who, while 
still giving ample proof of their splendid vigor and intensity of material 
life, proclaim at the same time their love for the lofty ideals of the 
higher standards of life. 

History, carrying on every page the imprint of the fierce struggle for 
life among individuals and among races — by many considered a fatal 
law — will record this ceremony, exemplifying as it does the common 
tendencies of the two principal races which people our hemisphere, des- 
tined to achieve great deeds in the life of mankind. 

Owing to the political and economical scope generally attributed to 
Pan-Americanism, its fundamental idea has been earnestly discussed; 
some have censured it, others have praised it, and the rest have con- 
sidered it as an impossible Utopia. 

But, when we mean by Pan-Americanism that community of senti- 
ment, of ideas and aspirations among the American Republics tending 
to foster cordiality in their friendly relations, tending to strengthen the 
ties of interests for mutual advantage, thus increasing the respect for the 
rights of others ; when these aspirations, in materializing, in no wise 
impair the essential right of self-preservation, liberty, independence, and 
equality before the law of the States — then, indeed, we should joyfully 
celebrate the completion of the home devoted to such principles. 

This is the sound Pan-Americanism which has inspired our Interna- 
tional Conferences in their work of harmony and has caused this mag- 
nificent palace to rise up, white as the flag of peace, beautiful, and filled 
with light like the minds of those who conceived the idea thus made a 
reality. It rests on its solid foundation, as firm as the love of the 
motherland and of justice existing in each of our countries. 

This Pan-Americanism which should be interpreted as a doctrine of 
love, can not be expounded in an aggressive form or with exasperating 
exclusiveness. The brotherly feeling which brings us together to-day is 
not antagonistic to our affections toward those nations who have con- 
tributed with their high standards of civilization, by their good example 
and with their live elements of progress to our material advancement and 
to the improvement of our intellectual faculties. Their blood is mixed 
with ours ; their capital, their industries, and their artistic culture have 
been and are elements of our own progress. 

One of the most practical forms of this idea has been the creation of 
the International Bureau of American Republics, a most useful institution 
devoted to promoting better mutual knowledge among the nations in our 
hemisphere. Its success is due in a large measure to the rare qualifica- 
tions of its distinguished Director, who has won the respect and affec- 



108 

tion of the representatives of the several Governments forming the 
Governing Board of the Bureau. 

This mutual understanding, ever increasing among the Republics of 
America, will contribute to reciprocal esteem and, at the same time, 
serve to overcome certain prejudices which still exist in some of our 
countries. 

You — Anglo-Saxons, who with your wonderful powers of assimila- 
tion have maintained and strengthened your national unity, not only 
through currents of immigration, which have brought from northern 
and western Europe elements like those brought to your shores by_ the 
first colonists of New England, but also with other elements of entirely 
dififerent races who come from other lands to your own rich, free country 
in search of a sure and happy future — you, Anglo-Saxons, and we, who 
have peopled the Latin-American Republics, have been separated, more 
than by geographical distances, by feelings that are bound completely 
to disappear, since they have been gradually doing so as commerce^ has 
brought the races nearer together. This has made it evident that, risiiig 
above certain inherent deficiencies of himian nature, there exist solid 
qualities in individuals and nations which are well worthy of esteem and 
admiration. 

In such pre-eminent and practical work the International Bureau of 
American Republics collaborates by means of a trustworthy, intelligent, 
and active propaganda. 

In praising this work of concord and justice which draws nearer to- 
gether two great races, not to antagonize and destroy each other but 
for their better mutual understanding and esteem, we can not forget the 
name of the great philanthropist who has so magnificently and practically 
contributed to its realization. It is needless to mention his name ; it is 
in our hearts and minds, and we well know how to appreciate the gen- 
erous impulse of a life devoted to the noblest of purposes. 

It is said of Michelangelo that, not finding Raphael in the Farncsian 
Palace where the mural decoration was being finished by the painter 
from Urbino, he took a piece of charcoal and drew on the wall a head, 
which showed his rival that the great artist had been there. This rnay 
be applied to the present case ; the powerful personality devoted to doing 
good has left its seal upon the ground of international peace-making, 
as shown in Cartago, Costa Rica, and in The Hague, and future genera- 
tions will acknowledge the stamp of a firmly directed and nobly in- 
spired will. 

The dedication of the Palace of the American Republics takes place 
in a year of special significance for Latin America. A century ago some 
of the Republics of this continent declared their independence, and to-day 
they hasten to celebrate the centennial of this glorious and transcendental 
event, showing with justifiable pride the moral and material progress 
they have attained. 

Allow me, therefore, as one of the representatives of the nations which 
commemorate that glorious deed, to evoke the memory of the great 
heroes whose effigies the guiding mind of this monument has gathered 
together in the principal gallery of this buildmg as in a grand and 
solemn assembly. May they be a perpetual example for the nations 
of America, whose rapid evolution in the sense of real progress clearly 
appears to the eye of those who study life from a lofty standpoint, per- 
mitting the great trail of their onward march to be followed, as it is 
said of the aeronaut, who on rising in the air views the great currents 
of the ocean. 

Let us earnestly hope, ladies and gentlemen, that the dedication of the 
Palace of the American Republics may be the starting point of a new 
era of greater mutual esteem, ever more and more hearty among the 
nations of this hemisphere, merging their differences in^ a common ideal 



109 

of peace, justice, and progress in the same manner in which the ar- 
chitects have so beautifully succeeded in harmonizing in this building, 
with exquisite art, the severity and grandeur of the American people 
with the grace and elegance of the Latin-American soul. 

Address of Mr. Carnegie. 

Mr. Andrew Carnegie said : 

As one of the remaining members of the First International Confer- 
ence of the American Republics, whose interest in the cause has in- 
creased with the years, no duty could be assigned me more pleasing 
than that I am now^ called upon to perform by the favor of the Governing 
Board of the International Bureau of the American Republics— that of 
participating in the dedication of this beautiful structure to its noble 
mission of promoting the reign of peace and good will, and of progress, 
moral and material, over the Republics of this vast continent. Nor 
would we exclude from friendly co-operation our growing neighbor of 
the North, who enjoys like ourselves government of, and for, and by the 
people, should she in the course of time decide, with the cordial ap- 
proval of her illustrious parent land, to enter the brotherhood, thus ex- 
tending it over the entire continent, an area nearly four times as large 
as Europe. Surely such a spectacle would soon lead the whole civilized 
world to follow. 

Upon such an occasion as this our thoughts naturally revert to the 
past services of Secretary Blaine, who stands forth pre-eminent, presiding 
as he did over the First Conference of the Republics held in Washington, 
which conference he had called into being. We rejoice that upon these 
walls a permanent tribute to his memory is soon to appear. His suc- 
cessor. Senator Root (then Secretary of State, and to whom we chiefly 
owe this beautiful structure), was an honorary president of the recent 
and Third Conference and was the pioneer among high officials in visiting 
our southern brethren in their own countries. Much has he done for 
the cause, and in due time a similar tribute to him will no doubt_ be 
erected. His successor, our chairman, Mr. Knox, is already to be credited 
with a notable success in suggesting that the International Prize Court, 
agreed to by the delegates of the eight leading naval powers, be con- 
verted into an arbitral court composed of the most eminent jurists of 
the respective countries, authorized to decide any international disputes 
brought before it. Should this pregnant suggestion be approved, of 
which there is strong hope, the world will have at last its greatest need 
supplied and the young Secretary of State's everlasting monument be 
thus provided bv one stroke of his pen. 

My neighbor in the first conference was Sefior Don Manuel Qumtana, 
of Argentina, afterwards elevated to the presidency of his country. He 
also fike Mr. Blaine, has passed away. We have to mourn also the 
untimely death of our chairman of the Pan-American Committee, Wil- 
liam I Buchanan, whose devotion to the work and the ability displayed 
had given him high place among those who rank as internationalists 
and whose fame is secure not only in his own country, but in all the 
Republics It was feared Mr. Buchanan's loss would be irremediable, 
but a o-reat, noble cause such as that of Pan-Americanism, in which we 
are engaged, inspires and develops unusual talents and earnest souls, 
whose hearts are in the work. I venture to speak of Director Barrett 
in this connection, whose ability to meet all emergencies has been truly 
surprising Three or four times what has been offered in other lines of 
opportunity has failed— as I happen to know— to shake his devotion to 
his mission. His heart and brain are in the cause. His reward lies m 
beholding its progress. 



no 

The last of our grievous losses still lingers in our hearts, that of the 
able, devoted, beloved Pan-American, Senhor Nabuco, Brazil's notable 
Ambassador. When shall we look upon his like again ? 

Would that all these leaders who have passed beyond were cognizant 
of the wonderful progress the Pan-American idea has made and is mak- 
ing in recent times. It occurs to me that this edifice may be destined 
to become the Pantheon of departed heroes in the cause of continental 
peace and brotherhood. 

I wish to congratulate the 20 Latin nations south of us upon their 
educational and intellectual progress, their vast resources, and growing 
prominence and international influence. Their expanding trade and com- 
merce are remarkable. The International Bureau of American Repub- 
lics is performing a great work in keeping the peoples of the world 
advised of these matters. I confess that the figures surprise me. These 
20 Republics have already 70,000,000 of people, and their foreign trade, 
which has doubled in the last ten years, amounts to $2,000,000,000 (not 
millions, but billions). Trade between our own country and these has 
also doubled in that time and reaches $600,000,000. If the Bureau con- 
tinues keeping the world advised of the progress of Pan-American com- 
merce and Pan-American railways and continues to report such amazing 
progress and resources, it may soon be questioned whether this twentieth 
century is after all to be Canada's century. It may be captured, not by 
the northern, but by the southern, part of our continent. My recent visit 
to the West and the Pacific convinced me that the center nation, winner 
of the nineteenth century, is still in the race and is not to be regarded 
as a negligible quantity in the struggle for record progress in the twen- 
tieth. In any case, we of the middle portion will heartily congratulate 
our advancing sister nations, north or south. 

Mr. Chairman, fully am I persuaded that the rulers and statesmen 
of the earth, all of whom are to-day constantly proclaiming their earnest 
desire for peace, are sincere in their protestations. Why, then, is this 
universally desired peace not promptly secured? Equally am I persuaded 
that the true root of the failure lies in the fact that these rulers and 
statesmen know not each other well. They are strangers, and therefore 
naturally and mutually suspicious. When a difiference arises, they meet 
as strangers, knowing not the sincerity, the truthfulness, the keen sense 
of honor, and the earnest desire for peace of their fellow-statesmen. The 
French have a proverb — "We only hate those we do not know." The 
reverse is also self-evidently true — "We only love those we do know." 

Two men dififer ; if strangers, the probable result is strife. Two friends 
differ ; the probable result is peaceful settlement either by themselves, 
or, failing that, by arbitration of friends, and the two friends become 
dearer to each other than before. Why? Because neither has assumed 
to sit as judge in his own cause, which violates the first principles of 
natural justice. The greatest crime that either man or nation can com- 
mit is to insist upon doing that which would consign the judge upon the 
bench to infamy if he ever dared to sit in judgment upon a cause in 
which_ he was an interested party. In nations which still tolerate the 
duel, its practice is rapidly falling into disrepute, and a court of honor 
is coming into general use, first to determine whether the two foes are 
justified in breaking the peace. 

One of the chief missions of this palace should be, as their natural 
home, to draw together the diplomats and representative men of all our 
Republics and enable them to know each other and learn of the sterling 
virtues of their colleagues, and especially their earnest desire for the 
prosperity of all their neighbors and their anxious hope that peace shall 
ever reign between them. Thus these statesmen will become lifelong 
friends to whom may safely be intrusted the settlement of any interna- 
tional diflFrence that may arise. Above all, we may expect that between 



m 

such friends no one would insist upon sitting as judge upon his own 
cause, were the other to propose leaving the difference to a mutual friend. 
This, then, is one of the greatest missions of this international meeting 
ground in which we are assembled. Nor will its mission be fulfilled 
until every Republic, and, I fondly hope, Canada also included, shall have 
agreed to lay aside the sword. 

The most momentous declaration ever made upon this subject by the 
chief of a nation is that of our President recently in New York. He 
proclaimed that_ all international disputes should be settled by arbitra- 
tion ; no exceptions. A court of honor should decide whether any dis- 
pute involved that phantom of nations called honor. The independence 
and existing territorial limits of nations would, of course, be sacred 
and recognized as beyond dispute, He has given us the true solution 
of the problem of peace against war and placed our Republic in the van, 
and he is_ to rank in history with the greatest benefactors of his race. 

The crime of war is inherent — it gives victory not to the nation that 
is right but to that which is strong. 

As I speak there comes to me a new poem. The New Age. I quote 
two verses : 

When navies are forgotten 

And fleets are useless things. 
When the dove shall warm her bosom 

Beneath the eagle's wings. 
When memory of battles 

At last is strange and old, 

When nations have one banner 
And creeds have found one fold, 

Then hate's last note of discord 
In all God's worlds shall cease 

In the conquest which is service. 
In the victory which is peace. 

With the words of Washington, the father of our country, in my heart: 
"My first wish is to see the plague of mankind, war, banished from the 
earth," I now join in dedicating this home of the Bureau of the American 
Republics to the highest of all its missions, the abolition of the crime 
of killing man by man as a means of settling international disputes. 

Address of President Taft. 

The President of the United States said : 

It is now nearly two years since my predecessor, Mr. Roosevelt, laid 
the cornerstone of this building and there testified to his interest, and 
the interest of the people whom he represented, in its construction and 
in its meaning. He added something to the enjoyment and interest of 
the occasion by differing somewhat from him who had made the oc- 
casion possible, Mr. Carnegie, as to the method by which peace should 
be obtained. But that they both were earnest and strenuous and deter- 
mined to have peace, there was no doubt. 

I esteem it a great honor to the United States of America that the 
twenty other American republics have consented that the home of the 
Bureau of American Republics should be here and upon this soil. As 
the elder sister of our twenty sisters, we take pride in the primogeniture. 



112 

We are anxious to have each member of the family know that we be- 
lieve in absolute equality in the family, and that there is nothing^ of 
preference which we insist upon because we are older, and, for the time 
being, can count more noses. 

The Bureau of American Republics was established, or suggested at 
least and carried into being, by that great Secretary of State, James G. 
Blaine. It has been made most effective by another great Secretary of 
State, Elihu Root. I am entirely relieved from embarrassment in this 
presence and at this function by being innocent of any direct official as- 
sociation with the Bureau of American Republics or the magnificent 
organization that we are here to commemorate, and, therefore, 1 can be 
impartial and comment on the fitting things that this occasion suggests. 
Elihu Root believes in architecture and the preservation of all forms of 
beauty, and, as a lover of that, he went in with enthusiasm to persuade 
Mr. Carnegie that this was the method of promoting peace, and at the 
same time to erect here a beautiful monument to art. His speech to-day 
was as perfect in its way as the architecture of this building. 

It is further fitting that this building should have been made possible 
by that man who is the most conspicuous man out of official life in the 
bringing about of universal peace. 

I wish to congratulate our sister republics upon the marvelous prog- 
ress that they have made in the last two decades — in material advance- 
ment, and in that without which either spiritual or material advance- 
ment is impossible, in peace, in the stability of their government, in the 
consciousness that it is the annals of a peaceful, happy country that are 
tiresome. The few instances of disturbed countries that remain are 
being made less in number by the wonderful progress and prosperity 
of those who preserve the stability of their government by the peaceful 
rule of the majority. 

It goes without saying that in the foreign policy of the United States 
its greatest object is the preservation of peace among the American 
Republics. And it goes also without saying that the organization of the 
Bureau of American Republics, and the making of this family of Ameri- 
can Republics, are events that tend more than anything else to the 
preservation of that peace, for we twenty-one republics can not afford 
to have any two or any three of us quarrel. We must stop. And Mr. 
Carnegie and I will not be satisfied until all nineteen of us can inter- 
vene by proper measures to suppress a quarrel between any other two. 

Of course, we are not all philanthropists, as Mr. Carnegie is, and we 
have an additional interest in the Bureau of American Republics and in 
the cultivation of good will between the twenty-one republics in that we 
hope each of us may profit by the trade which will be promoted by our 
closer relations. 

This is the centennial year of many of the twenty-one republics, and 
it is very fitting that the building which represents their closer union 
should be dedicated in this year. 

There is only one other happy feature of the occasion to which I 
wish to refer, and that is the absolute fitness, for the making of this 
Bureau a success, of Mr. John Barrett. He was born for it, and I hope 
he will continue to make it more and more useful as the years go on. 

For the present Secretary of State, I want to say — and I speak with 
modesty, because he and I are in the same administration — there is 
nothing that this Government can do to promote the solidity of the union 
between the twenty-one republics that meet here in this building in joint 
ownership, that he is not willing and anxious to do. And, if I have 
any influence with the administration, T propose to back him to the 
full in carrying this policy out. 



113 
Benediction by Bishop Harding. 

Right Reverend Bishop Alfred Harding, of Washington, de- 
Hvered the following benediction : 

O Lord, our heavenly Father, the high and mighty Ruler of the Uni- 
verse, who dost from Thy throne behold all the dwellers upon earth, we 
invoke Thy blessing upon this temple of peace and upon the great pur- 
poses for which it has been builded, and upon those into whose hearts 
Thou didst put the thought, and to whom Thou hast given grace and 
power, faithfully to fulfill the same. We ask Thy blessing upon Thy 
servant, the President of the United States, and all others in authority in 
this land, and upon the Presidents and Rulers of our Sister Republics in 
this New World, that all their deliberations and actions may be guided 
to the promotion of unity, peace, and concord among the nations, and that 
the work of the Bureau of the American Republics may promote among 
the people of this continent and all nations "peace on earth, good will 
towards men." 

And may the God of peace, who brought again from the dead our Lord 
Jesus Christ, the great Shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the 
everlasting covenant, make you perfect in every good work to do His will, 
working in you that which is well pleasing in His sight. Through Jesus 
Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen. 



114 
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS.* 

PUBIJSHED OR UISTRIIJUTEU BY 

THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF AMERICAN REPUBLICS, 
Washington, D. C, U. S. A. 

This list is prepared to assist in answering the numerous inquiries 
tliat come to the International Bureau, asking for books, pamphlets, and 
other printed matter regarding the American Republics. It includes — • 
First — Publications for Which a Charge is Made, 

Based on the actual cost and expense of printing, and, 
Second — Those Which Are Sent Out Free of Charge, 

Upon application made through, or with the approval of, Lhiited 
States Senators, Members of Congress, or foreign diplomatic 
representatives. 
1. BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU. Published monthly in two sec- 
tions — one entirely in English, the other in Spanish, Portuguese 
and French. It is in magazine form, carefully illustrated, contain- 
ing the latest official and unofficial information relative to the 
commercial, material, and general progress and development of the 
twenty-one American Republics. A sample copy will be mailed 
free upon request. 

SUBSCRIPTION RATES. 

English section, $2 per year in all countries of the western hemisphere; 
in other countries, $2.50 per year. Single number, 25 cents. 

Spanish-Portuguese-French Section, $2 per year in all countries of the 
Western Hemisphere; in other countries $2.50 per year. Single number. 
25 cents. 

Double number (Bulletin in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French) ; 
$3 per year in all countries of the Western Hemisphere ; in other coun- 
tries, $4. Single number, 40 cents. 
2. American Constitutions. A compilation of the political con- 
stitutions of the independent States of America, in the orig- 
inal text, with English and Spanish translations. Wash- 
ington, 1906, 2 vols., 8°, paper. 

Vol. I contains the constitutions of the Federal Republics 
of the LTnited States of America, of Mexico, of the Ar- 
gentine Republic, of Brazil, of Venezuela, and of the 
Republics of Central America ; Guatemala, Honduras, El 
Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama $2.00 

3. Vol. II contains the constitutions of the Dominican Re- 

public, Flaiti, Cuba, Uruguay, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Co- 
lombia, Paraguay, and Bolivia 2.00 

Same. Bound in cloth, per volume 3.00 

4. Code of Commercial Nomenclature, 1897 (English, Spanish 

and Portuguese) . 670 pages, 4° 5.00 

Note. — Designates in alphabetical order in equivalent terms 
in English, Portuguese, and Spanish the commodities of 
American nations on which import duties are levied. 
9. Intercontinental Railway Reports. Reports of the inter- 
continental Railway Commission. Washington, 1898. 7 vols., 
4°, three of maps and four of text, cloth. Nozv very rare, 
only fezv sets remaining. Set 15.00 

*This list is given to show the practical and useful publicity work being 
done by the Bureau and is distributed in response to request for list of 
publications and subject to constant change. 



115 

10. International American Conference reports and recom- 

mendations, 1890. Includes reports of the Plan of Arbitra- 
tion, Reciprocity Treaties, Intercontinental Railway, Steam- 
ship Communication, Sanitary Regulations, Common Silver 
Coin, Patents and Trade-marks, Weights and Measures, 
Port Dues, International Law, Extradition Treaties, Inter- 
national Bank, Memorial Tablet, Columbian Exposition. 

Octavo, bound in paper $0.50 

11. Patent and Trade-Mark Laws of the Spanish-American Re- 

publics, Brazil, and the Republic of Haiti. Revised to August, 

1904. Washington, 1904. 343 pages, 8°, paper 50 

Same, bound in one-half sheep. (English and Spanish.) 

1 Vol 2.00 

HANDBOOKS. 

(General description and statistics.) 

*13. (a) Argentine Republic— A geographical sketch, with special 
reference to economic conditions, actual development, 
and prospects of future growth. Washington, 1903. 28 
illustrations, 3 maps, 366 pages, 8° 1-00 

(b) Bolivia. — A geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, 

economic conditions, actual development, prospects of 
future growth. Washington, 1904. Illustrations, 214 
pages, 8° 1-00 

(c) Brazil..— A geographical sketch, with special reference to 

economic conditions, and prospects of future develop- 
ment. 1901. 233 pages, 8° 50 

(j) Chile. — A geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, 
economic conditions, actual development, prospects of 
future growth. Washington, 1909. Illustrations, 11; 
map 6j4x33^ inches; pages, 267; cloth bound, 8°..... 1.00 

(d) Cuba.— a' short sketch of physical and economic condi- 

tions, government laws, industries, finances, customs, 
tariff, etc., prepared by Senor Gonzalo de Quesada, 
Minister from Cuba, with bibliography and cartogra- 
phy of 198 pages. Washington, November, 1905. Map 

and 42 illustrations, 541 pages, 8° 1-00 

*(e) Guatemala.— 1897. Illustrated, 119 pages, 8° 50 

*(f) Honduras.— Geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, 
economic conditions, actual development, prospects of 
future growth. Washington, 1904. Illustrations, 252 

pages, 8° 100 

*(g) Mexico. — Geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, 
economic conditions, actual development, prospect of 
future growth. Washington, 1904. Illustrations, 454 

pages, 8° .- • 1-00 

(h) Paraguay. — Second edition, revised and enlarged, with 
chapter on the native races. 1902. Illustrations, map. 

187 pages, 8° -50 

(i) Venezuela.— Geographical sketch, natural resources, laws, 
economic conditions, actual development, prospects of 
future growth. Washington, 1904. Illustrated railway 
map, 608 pages, '8° 100 

*Supply for distribution exhausted, but copies can be consulted in the 
library of the Bureau. 



116 

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL BULLETINS. 

21. Latin American History and Description. List of books 
in the Colunihus Memorial Library of the International Bu- 
reau of American Republics. November 1, 1907. 98 pages, 8°. 
Same. Supplement No. 1. November 1, 1907, to 



■$0.25 



July 8, 1909. 34 pages, 8° , 

MAPS. 

16. (a) Bolivia.^ — Mapa de la Republica de Bolivia, mandado or- 
ganizar v publicar por el Presidente Constitucional, 
General Jose Manuel Pando. Escala 1: 2,000,000. La 
Paz, 1901. Reprint International Bureau of American 
Republics, 1904 1.00 

(b) Brazil. — From official and other sources, 1905. Scale of 
75 miles to 1 inch. 1 : 4,752,000. In one sheet, 36i/^x38 

inches 1 .50 

Published by the International Bureau of American Re- 
publics, Washington, D. C. 

(g) Chile. — Published in London by Edward Stanford, 1907. In 

three colors. Size 6^x33^ inches 25 

*(c) Costa Rica. — From official and other sources. 1903. Scale 

of 12.5 miles to 1 inch. 1:792,000 50 

Published by the International Bureau of American 
Republics, Washington, D. C. 

(d) Guatemala. — From official and other sources. 1902. Scale 

of 12.5 miles to 1 inch. 1 : 792,000. In two sheets. 
Each sheet 28 x 30 inches. 

No. 1 General map } 

No. 2 Agricultural areas j 

Published by the International Bureau of American 
Republics. 

(e) Mexico. — From official Mexican and other sources. 1900. 

Scale of 50 miles to 1 inch. 1 : 3,168,000. In two sheets. 

Each sheet 32 x 42j4 inches. 

No. 1 General map } .. rr. 
No. 2 Agricultural areas ji 

Published by the International Bureau of American 

Republics. 

(f) Nicaragua. — From official and other sources. 1904. Scale 

of 12.5 miles to 1 inch. 1 : 792,000. In two sheets. 
Each sheet 32 x 32 inches. 

No. 1 General map } 

No. 2 Agricultural areas | 

Published by the International Bureau of American 
Republics. 



1.00 



1.00 



BOOKS BY OTHER PUBLISHERS WHICH THE BUREAU HAS 

FOR SALE. 

Latin America. Practical guide to, including preparation, cost, 
routes, sightseeing. By Albert Hale, A. B., M. D., Boston. 
Small, Maynard & Co. 249 pages, 12°, cloth 1.00 

Exporting. Elementary lessons in, to which is added an exporters' 
gazetteer of the world. Bv B. Olney Hough. New York. The 
Johnston Export Publishing Co., 1909. 427 pages, 8°, cloth. . 3.00 

* Supply for distribution exhausted, but copies can be consulted in the 
library of the Bureau. 



117 
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING ORDERS. 

Orders for publications should be addressed to the International Bureau 
of American Republics, Washington, D. C. Payment is required in ad- 
vance, to be made in cash, money orders, or by bank drafts on banks in 
New York City or Washington, D. C, payable to the order of the In- 
ternational Bureau of American Republics. Postage stamps of the 
United States of America will be accepted for amounts not exceeding 
one (1) dollar. 



FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION. 

(Under certain conditions.) 

The Bureau has for free distribution a limited supply of the following 
publications, but, in view of the growing demand for many of them and 
the small sum available for printing, it has been found necessary to make 
a new regulation that all requests for such matter must be made through, 
or with the approval of, a United States Senator or Af ember of Congress, 
except in the case of applications from foreign countries, which should 
be made through the Embassies or Legations in Washington or through 
the home Foreign Offices. 

SPECIAL REPORTS x\ND ARTICLES BY THE DIRECTOR, 
MR. JOHN BARRETT. 

*75. Latin America, the Land of Opportunity. A reprint of Official 
Reports and Special Magazine Articles, by John Barrett, Director 
of the International Bureau of American Republics, formerly U. S. 
Minister to Siam, Argentina, Colombia, and Panama. Contains 
the following articles : "Latin America as a Field for United 
States Capital and Enterprise," "Resourceful Central America," 
"Latin America : A Great Commercial Opportunity" ; "A Ready 
Aid in Foreign Trade." 104 pages and 62 illustrations. Wash- 
ington, 1909. 

2.i. Latin America as a Field for United States Capital and Enter- 
prise, by John Barrett, Director International Bureau of American 
Republics. Reprint from "Bankers' Magazine," June, 1907. 

29. United States and Latin America, Report on trade conditions and 
opportunities, by John Barrett, Director, International Bureau of 
American Republics. 

Republics of Latin America, Opportunities In. (Articles by Director 
Barrett, reprinted from the "Independent") : 1909. 

78. Brazil; 8 pages, illustrations. 

79. Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay; 8 pages, illustrations. 

80. The Western Republics of South America ; 8 pages, il- 

lustrations. 

81. The Northern Republics of South America; 8 pages, 

illustrations. 

82. Panama, Central America and Mexico; 8 pages, illus- 

trations. 

83. Cuba, Dominican Republic and Haiti; 8 pages, illustra- 

tions. 
91. Special Report, descriptive of the work and scope of the International 
Bureau of American Republics, submitted to the Fourth Pan- 
American Conference, at Buenos Aires, by the Director, John 
Barrett, July, 1910. 



118 

72. General Descriptive Data, prepared in June, 1909. Giving geo- 
graphical sketch, historical sketch, constitution and government, 
also interior government and cabinet officials. Annual review in 
1908 under the following heads : Foreign AfTairs, Finance, Com- 
merce. Production and Industry, Steamships and Waterways, Post 
and Telegraphs. 

(a) Argentine, 32 pages, 15 illustrations. 

(b) Bolivia, 13 pages, 1 illustration. 

(c) Brazil, Zl pages, 13 illustrations. 

(d) Chile, 24 pages, 12 illustrations. 

(e) Colombia, 26 pages, 7 illustrations. 

(f) Costa Rica, 19 pages, 8 illustrations. 

(g) Cuba, 16 pages, 8 illustrations. 

(h) Dominican Republic, 17 pages, 8 illustrations, 
(i) Ecuador, 15 pages, 3 illustrations, 
(j) Guatemala, 16 pages, 4 illustrations. 
(1) Haiti, 14 pages, 4 illustrations. 
(m) Honduras, 14 pages, 4 illustrations, 
(n) Mexico, 33 pages, 9 illustrations. 
(o) Nicaragua. 14 pages, 5 illustrations, 
(p) Panama, 15 pages, 4 illustrations, 
(q) Paraguay. 13 pages, 3 illustrations, 
(r) Peru, 18 pages, 6 illustrations, 
(s) Salvador, 11 pages, 2 illustrations, 
(t) Uruguay. 15 pages, 3 illustrations, 
(w) Venezuela. 16 pages, 5 illustrations. 
2. American Republics, International Bureau of. 
A folder descriptive of the Bureau. 1909. 
85. Argentine International Trade. A Few Figures on Its Develop- 
ment. Compiled liy Division of Commerce and Industry. 27 pages. 
Buenos Aires, 1909. 
4. Argentine Republic. Mapa de los Ferrocarriles de la Repiiblica 
Argentina, 1900. 

(Railroads of the Argentine Republic.) 

Published by the Ministerio de Obras Publicas, Argentine Republic. 
90. Bolivia, Economic Conditions of (with map), by Ignacio Calderon, 
Minister from Bolivia to the United States. A lecture delivered 
before the special class in commerce at Harvard University, March 
17, 1910. 
1?). Brazil in 1910, by J. C. Oakcnfull. Published under the auspices of 
the Brazilian Government Commission of Propaganda and Eco- 
nomic Expansion, Paris. Giving geographical sketch, historical 
sketch, laws, constitution and education, communications, finance 
and commerce. Bibliographical appendix. 280 pages, cloth bound; 
illustrations. 
9. Central American Peace Conference, English and Spanish. 
76. Chile. Great Nitrate Fields of. 19 pages; 22 illustrations. 1909. 
n. Consular Fees and Invoices of Latin-American Countries. 16 

pages. 1909. 
14. Conference, Third Pan-American. Acts, Minutes and Resolutions, 
English. 1908. 

16. Cuba, Reports of Hon. Charles E. Magoon, Provisional Governor from 

October 13, 1906, to December 1, ^907; December 1, 1907, to De- 
cember 1, 1908. (English.) 

17. Dominican Republic, published by direction of the Dominican Gov- 

ernment for the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition, 1907. 

*Number to left of title indicates order number in files of mail room. 



119 

87. Fourth Pan-American Conference, Tentative Program. 36 pages. 

1909. 

23. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a 

communication from the Secretary of State submitting the report, 
with accompanying papers, of the delegates of the United States 
to the Second International Conference of American States, held at 
City of Mexico from October 22, 1901, to January 22, 1902. Wash- 
ington, 1902. 243 pages, 8° (57th Congress, 1st Session, Senate 
Doc. No. 330). 

24. Message from the President of the United States, transmitting a 

report from the Secretary of State, with accompanying papers, 
relative to the proceedings of the International Congress for the 
study and consumption of coffee, etc. Washington, 1903. 312 pages, 
8° paper (57th Congress, 2d Session, Senate Doc. No. 35). 

25. Message of the President of the United States, transmitting a 

report by the Secretary of State, with accompanying papers, relative 
to the proceedings of the First Customs Congress of the American 
Republics, held in New York in January, 1903. Washington, 1903. 
195 pages, 8° paper. (57th Congress, 2d Session, Senate Doc. 
No. 180.) 

Note. — Senate Documents listed above, containing reports of the 
various International American Congresses, may also be ob- 
tained from the Senate Document Room through members of 
the United States Senate, and House of Representatives. 
74. Municipal Organizations in Latin America. 1909. 

(a) Buenos Aires, 16 pages, 12 illustrations. 

(b) Havana, Cuba, 15 pages, 12 illustrations. 

(c) Lima, Peru, 17 pages, 14 illustrations. 

(d) Mexico City, 21 pages, 20 illustrations. 

(e) Rio de Janeiro, 22 pages, 16 illustrations. 

(f) Santiago de Chile, 14 pages, 10 illustrations. 
86. Nicaragua, Commercial Index of Western. 1909. 

Issued by the American Consulate at Managua, Nicaragua, in the 
interest of American trade extension. 18 pages. 
84. Products of Latin America. 1909. 

(a) Cacao, 12 pages, 12 illustrations. 

(b) Coffee, 12 pages, 11 illustrations. 

(c) Cotton, 15 pages, 12 illustrations. 

(d) Rubber and Its Relatives, 21 pages, 20 illustrations. 

(e) Tobacco, 21 pages, 18 illustrations. 

88. Program and Rules of the International Agricultural Exhibi- 

tion, to be held at Palermo (Buenos Aires) by the Sociedad Rural 
Argentina (Argentine Rural Society) from 3d of June to 31st of 
July, 1910, under the auspices of the Government of the Argentine 
Republic in celebration of the First Centennial of the Argentine 
Emancipation, May 25, 1810. 94 pages. 

26. Sanitary Convention of American Republics, Transactions of the 

Second International. 460 pages. Washington, 1906. 
67. Sanitary Conference of the American Republics, Transactions of 
the Third International. Held at the National Palace, City of 
Mexico. December 2-7, 1907. 251 pages; illustrations. 

89. Scientific Congress, Report of the Delegates of the United States 

to the Pan-American. Held at Santiago, Chile, December 25, 1908, 
to January 5, 1909. 65 pages. 



120 
TRADE REPORTS. 

Rkprints from U. S. Department of Commerce and Labor. 

31. Argentina, Paragiav, and Uruguay, Trade conditions in, 

by Lincoln Hutchin.'^on, 1906. 

32. Brazil, Trade Conditions in, 

by Lincoln Hutchinson, 1906. 
23. Central America and on the West Coast of South America, Trade 
Conditions in, 
by Lincoln Hutchinson, 1906. 

34. Colombia. A report by Charles M. Pepper, Special Agent of the 

Department of Commerce and Labor. 

35. Cuba. Trade Conditions in (1906), 

l)y Charles M. Pepper, Special Agent, Department of Commerce and 
Labor. 

36. Ecuador, Report on Trade Conditions in (1908). 

37. Mexico, Trade Conditions in, 

by Charles M. Pepper. 

U. S. CONSULAR REPORTS— ANNUAL SERIES. 
Reprints from U. S. Department of Commerce and Labor. 

40. Argentina, Trade for the year 1907. 

41. Brazil, Trade for the year 1907. • 

42. Chile, Trade for the year 1907. 

43. Colombia, Venezuela, British and Dutch Guiana, Trade for the 

year 1907. 

44. Cuba, Trade for the year 1907. 

45. Haiti and Santo Domingo, Trade for the year 1907. 

46. Mexico, Trade for the year 1907. 

47. Panama, Trade for the year 1907. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

60. Charter and By-Laws of The Central American Fraternity, 1908. 
66. Post Cards showing Flags of the Twenty-one American Republics. 
Indexes to Monthly Bulletin of The International Bureau of the 

American Republics. 
63a. Same. Volume 28. January to June, 1909. 
63b. Same. Volume 29. July to December, 1909. 

(Published in English, Spanish, Portuguese and French.) 

68. The Restoration of National Government in Cuba. A speech by 

Mr. Joaquim Nabuco. 

69. Lincoln's Centenary. A speech by Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, Ambas- 

sador of Brazil. 

70. Mr. Root and Peace. A speech by Mr. Joaquim Nabuco, Ambas- 

sador of Brazil. 

71. Winning Foreign Markets. Extracts referring to Latin America 

from Winning Foreign Markets containing suggestions for the 
extension of Trade bv American Manufacturers and Exporters. 
April, 1908. Pages, 244. 

Note. — The Bureau has published during the last tu'enty years 
hundreds of other reports and pamphlets mentioned under the 
head of other publications in this report. These can all be 
consulted in the library of the Bureau, but the supply for dis- 
tribution is exhausted. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




015 848 770 6 




